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Georgian wall clock by Thwaites & Reed, Clerkenwell, London, c. 1806

DocumentedDocumented from a dealer's listing; attribution and date as stated by the dealer.
Maker / attribution
Thwaites & Reed (maker)
Date
c. 1806
Country of origin
England
Place
Clerkenwell, London
Object type
Wall clock
Materials / technique
mahogany, oak
Dimensions
Height 17 in (43 cm)
Stock no.
Product 43
Credit line
Dealer listing, P A Oxley (product 43)
Catalogue title (original)
A rare Georgian Wall Clock by Thwaites & Reed of Clerkenwell, London (English)

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Record summary

Catalogued by P A Oxley (dealer), Wiltshire (stock number Product 43), this is a wall clock by Thwaites & Reed, made in Clerkenwell, London, England, dated c. 1806. The Atlas places it in the Precision & Scientific Horology period (1750 – 1850) of its Clocks collection. Materials and techniques recorded by the source: mahogany, oak. Recorded dimensions: Height 17 in (43 cm). The record is illustrated with 5 photographs.

Assembled from the source record's structured fields. Dates and attributions are given as the source states them; where a field is missing the Atlas leaves it blank rather than estimating.

Catalogue description

Dealer description — P A Oxley

An exceptionally rare wall clock by these famous Clockmakers. The substantial 8 day duration single fusee movement has A framed plates, an anchor escapement and five large knopped pillars. The movement is stamped to the top and to the front plate with the number 3868. This dates the clock to 1806. It is also stamped with the name J. Thwaites to the frontplate. We believe that the clock was made in 1806 with a plain unsigned dial and later signed with the new company name Thwaites & Reed, when they formed in 1816. The 12" diameter flat and rare wooden dial has also retained its original ground. The dial displays Roman numerals, gilt brass hands and is signed by the maker Thwaites & Reed, Clerkenwell, London. The mahogany and oak case is of the ‘salt box’ style with the hanging plate integrated into the top of the extended rear backboard of the case. The base features mahogany veneer, and an access door for regulation and pendulum hanging. Also with an access door to the side. The early concave cast brass lockable brass bezel is fitted with a convex glass. A highly collectable and desirable Georgian Wall Clock. Note: Early fusee wall clocks with original wooden dials were not only made in very small numbers but due to the instability of the wooden dial they are very often found to be repainted. Subsequently they are now very difficult find in such an original state of preservation. Thwaites & Reed were formed in the 1816 when John Thwaites and George Jeremiah Reed went into partnership. The Thwaites clockmaking family originated in the early part of the 18th century. Although the owners have changed over the years, Thwaites & Reed are still in business today. Maker Thwaites & Reed of Clerkenwell, London

Historical context

Precision & Scientific Horology (1750 – 1850)

Harrison solves longitude; Mudge invents the lever; Breguet's Paris workshop defines the modern watch.

The age of the deadbeat escapement, compensated pendulums and observatory regulators. Domestic clocks spread through the middle classes: English longcase and bracket clocks, French gilt-bronze mantel clocks, Viennese Biedermeier wall clocks, Black Forest painted-shield clocks, and the first American shelf clocks.

Read the period in the timelineMore clocks from this periodEarlier: Early Modern Horology

Atlas type guide

Regulators, wall and Vienna clocks

A regulator is a precision pendulum clock used as a time standard in observatories, workshops and railway offices. Typical features are a deadbeat or Graham escapement, a temperature-compensated pendulum (mercury jar, gridiron or later invar), maintaining power and a regulator dial that separates hours, minutes and seconds. George Graham's deadbeat escapement (c. 1715) and his mercury pendulum, together with Harrison's gridiron, set the pattern for two centuries.

Wall clocks span a much wider range: the elegant Viennese Laterndluhr and Dachluhr of the Biedermeier period, the Dutch stoelklok and staartklok, English 'dial' clocks used in schools, offices and railway stations, and mass-produced spring and weight wall clocks from Germany (Gustav Becker, Junghans, Kienzle) and America.

What to look for

  • Deadbeat escapement and compensated pendulum (gridiron rods, mercury jar or wood rod).
  • A regulator dial with a large central minute hand and separate hour and seconds dials.
  • Vienna regulators: glazed cases, slender pendulum, small weights, enamel two-piece dials.
  • German factory trademarks stamped on the backplate (e.g. Gustav Becker anchor and crown, Junghans star).

Dating clues

  • Graham-type deadbeat regulators: from c. 1720.
  • Viennese Laterndluhr: c. 1800–1850.
  • German factory 'Vienna-style' regulators: c. 1870–1930; Gustav Becker serial numbers allow close dating.

General guidance written by the Atlas editors about this kind of object. It is not a statement about this particular piece; for that, rely on the source record above and on physical examination.

Read next:Deadbeat escapementGrasshopper escapement

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