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The Creation of the World — view 1 of 6
View 1 of 6 · Image: Shonagon; Claude Siméon Passemant / François-Thomas Germain; G.Garitan · original image source (opens another website in a new tab)

Clocks · Pendulum clock

The Creation of the World

DocumentedDocumented from Wikidata's structured record of this museum object; the holding museum's own catalogue may give more detail.
Maker / attribution
François-Thomas Germain (creator); Claude Siméon Passemant (creator)
Date
1754
Country of origin
France
Place
Paris
Object type
Pendulum clock
Materials / technique
wood, bronze, vitreous enamel
Dimensions
height: 143 centimetre; width: 83 centimetre
Accession / object no.
VMB 1036-1
Credit line
Object data: Wikidata (CC0), holding collection Department of Decorative Arts of the Louvre
Catalogue title (original)
The Creation of the World (English)

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Record summary

Held and catalogued by Department of Decorative Arts of the Louvre (object number VMB 1036-1), this is a pendulum clock by François-Thomas Germain, made in Paris, France, dated 1754. The Atlas places it in the Precision & Scientific Horology period (1750 – 1850) of its Clocks collection. Materials and techniques recorded by the source: wood, bronze, vitreous enamel. Recorded dimensions: height: 143 centimetre; width: 83 centimetre. The record is illustrated with 6 photographs.

Assembled from the source record's structured fields. Dates and attributions are given as the source states them; where a field is missing the Atlas leaves it blank rather than estimating.

Catalogue description

Wikidata description

clock on display on the Louvre

Historical context

Precision & Scientific Horology (1750 – 1850)

Harrison solves longitude; Mudge invents the lever; Breguet's Paris workshop defines the modern watch.

The age of the deadbeat escapement, compensated pendulums and observatory regulators. Domestic clocks spread through the middle classes: English longcase and bracket clocks, French gilt-bronze mantel clocks, Viennese Biedermeier wall clocks, Black Forest painted-shield clocks, and the first American shelf clocks.

Read the period in the timelineMore clocks from this periodEarlier: Early Modern Horology

Atlas type guide

Domestic clocks

A clock combines four systems: a source of power (falling weight, coiled spring, or later electricity), a gear train that divides time, an escapement and oscillator that regulate it (foliot, pendulum or balance), and an indicating system of dial and hands or a bell. Its history runs from the large iron weight-driven clocks of the late thirteenth century to Renaissance spring-driven table clocks, the pendulum revolution of 1656, the factory clocks of the nineteenth century and electric and quartz clocks of the twentieth.

Domestic clocks also reflect regional furniture and decorative traditions — English longcase and bracket clocks, French pendules, Viennese regulators, Black Forest and American shelf clocks — and therefore record changing tastes as much as technical progress.

What to look for

  • How the clock is powered: weights, spring barrel, fusee, electric coil.
  • The oscillator: foliot, short pendulum, long seconds pendulum or balance.
  • Whether it strikes: hour only (count wheel) or hours and quarters (rack striking).
  • The maker or retailer's name on dial and movement, and any factory trademarks.
  • Signs of alteration — replaced dials, converted escapements, 'married' cases.

Dating clues

  • Before 1656 clocks used foliots or balances; after, most domestic clocks have pendulums.
  • Anchor escapements spread after c. 1670; minute hands became common at the same time.
  • Factory production in America and Germany transformed prices after c. 1840.

General guidance written by the Atlas editors about this kind of object. It is not a statement about this particular piece; for that, rely on the source record above and on physical examination.

Read next:Verge escapementAnchor (recoil) escapementFoliot

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