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Pocket Watches · Alarm watch

Silver pair-cased verge watch with alarm

DocumentedDocumented from the holding institution's catalogue record.
Maker / attribution
Estienne Ester (Made by)
Date
1660–1670
Country of origin
Switzerland
Place
Geneva (city)
Object type
Alarm watch
Materials / technique
brass, gold, silver, silk
Dimensions
Diameter: 43 millimetres (inner case) Diameter: 47.60 millimetres (outer case)
Holding institution
British Museum
Accession / object no.
1888,1201.228
Credit line
British Museum, London
Catalogue title (original)
Silver pair-cased verge watch with alarm (English)

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Record summary

Held and catalogued by British Museum (object number 1888,1201.228), this is an alarm watch by Estienne Ester, made in Geneva (city), Switzerland, dated 1660–1670. The Atlas places it in the Early Modern Horology period (1600 – 1750) of its Pocket Watches collection. Materials and techniques recorded by the source: brass, gold, silver, silk. Recorded dimensions: Diameter: 43 millimetres (inner case) Diameter: 47.60 millimetres (outer case). The record is illustrated with 6 photographs.

Assembled from the source record's structured fields. Dates and attributions are given as the source states them; where a field is missing the Atlas leaves it blank rather than estimating.

Catalogue description

Description — British Museum

Movement frame: Circular gilt-brass plates with four twist pillars. Engraved decoration around the verge aperture. Mainspring & set-up: Gilt-brass barrel with snap-in cap and riveted steel hook. Tangent-screw set-up with cut steel brackets and a decoratively turned worm gear. The silver index engraved 1-6. Fusee & stop-work: Gilt-brass fusee with chain and English stop-work. Train: Gilt-brass train of three wheels, the second and contrate wheels with three crossings. Escapement & balance: Verge escapement, the crown wheel runs between riveted potence and counter-potence. Verge with an unusual six spoked balance wheel which oscillates beneath a pierced and engraved balance cock with a very short foot and a table pierced with six radiating figure of eights. Alarm train: Gilt-brass fixed barrel with a pierced band, and geared stop-work. The alarm train consists of a brass great wheel, a recessed solid brass second wheel and steel contrate and crown wheels. DIAL: Gilt-brass dial plate with a silver chapter ring. Roman hours I-XII, arrow-head half-hour marks and a quarter circle. In the centre a silver and gilt-brass alarm setting disc with hours 1-11 and a pointer at 12 to show the time. The central alarm-setting hand is now missing. Cases: Silver inner case, pierced and engraved around the band with scrolling foliage, the back plain except for a central rosette. At the top of the band, a separate pinned-on rim. Plain silver glazed bezel, split at the hinge. An original bell screwed to the inside. Silver pendant with loose ring. Plain silver outer case lined with red silk. The original closing latch now replaced by a sprung catch. There is a hole at the top for the inner case pendant.

Inscriptions & marks

signature; Estienne Ester [potence-plate]

Provenance

Bequeathed by:, Octavius Morgan; Acquired 1888

Historical context

Early Modern Horology (1600 – 1750)

Huygens' pendulum and balance spring transform accuracy; English makers develop the anchor and deadbeat escapements.

The balance spring (c. 1675) improved watches dramatically and introduced the minute hand. English pair-cased verge watches with pierced balance cocks and French oignons were typical; enamel painting at Blois and Geneva, and the repeating watch (1680s), made watches objects of great refinement.

Read the period in the timelineMore pocket watches from this periodEarlier: Renaissance Horology

Atlas type guide

Verge and pair-cased watches

After Christiaan Huygens and Robert Hooke applied the balance spring around 1675, the verge watch became a reasonably reliable timekeeper and the minute hand became standard. Through the eighteenth century the typical English watch was a pair-cased verge: a fusee movement with a pierced, engraved balance cock, housed in an inner case and a separate protective outer case, often of repoussé gold, shagreen, tortoiseshell or enamel.

French watches of the same period were thicker 'oignons', later replaced by elegant thinner watches following Jean-Antoine Lépine's bar-bridge calibre of c. 1770. Dutch, Swiss and German makers supplied international markets, and verge watches were made until the mid-nineteenth century as cheaper alternatives to the cylinder and lever.

What to look for

  • The pierced balance cock on the backplate: winged (continental) or with a foot (English); its style dates the watch.
  • Fusee and chain visible through the movement; key winding through the dial (early) or case back.
  • Hallmarks inside English silver or gold cases, which give a date letter.
  • Maker's name and serial number engraved on the backplate; watch papers inside outer cases.
  • Enamel dials (after c. 1720) versus earlier champlevé metal dials.

Dating clues

  • Champlevé dials: c. 1680–1730; white enamel dials thereafter.
  • English case hallmarks give the year of assay to within a year.
  • Verge watches persisted in cheap production until c. 1850.

General guidance written by the Atlas editors about this kind of object. It is not a statement about this particular piece; for that, rely on the source record above and on physical examination.

Read next:Balance spring (hairspring)Verge escapement

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