
Pocket Watches · Coach watch
Silver cased verge chaise-watch with hour striking and alarm
- Maker / attribution
- Unrecorded in source
- Date
- 1660–1670
- Historical period
- Early Modern Horology (1600 – 1750)
- Country of origin
- France
- Place
- France (possibly), London (England) (possibly), Switzerland (possibly)
- Object type
- Coach watch
- Materials / technique
- silver
- Dimensions
- Diameter: 83.50 millimetres (case)
- Holding institution
- British Museum
- Accession / object no.
- 1958,1201.2339
- Credit line
- British Museum, London
- Catalogue title (original)
- Silver cased verge chaise-watch with hour striking and alarm (English)
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Record summary
Held and catalogued by British Museum (object number 1958,1201.2339), this is a coach watch, made in France (possibly), London (England) (possibly), Switzerland (possibly), dated 1660–1670. The Atlas places it in the Early Modern Horology period (1600 – 1750) of its Pocket Watches collection. Materials and techniques recorded by the source: silver. Recorded dimensions: Diameter: 83.50 millimetres (case). The record is illustrated with 6 photographs.
Assembled from the source record's structured fields. Dates and attributions are given as the source states them; where a field is missing the Atlas leaves it blank rather than estimating.
Catalogue description
Description — British Museum
Movement frame: Circular gilt-brass plates with five baluster pillars. Riveted potence and riveted counter-potence. Three separate bridges riveted to the dial side of the pillar-plate. Engraved decoration around the verge aperture. Mainspring & set-up: Gilt-brass barrel with snap-in cap and riveted steel hook. Tangent-screw set-up with a silver index disc engraved 1-8, the indicator in the form of engraved foliage. Fusee & stop-work: Gilt-brass fusee with chain and English stop-work, the spring and stop-iron replaced. Going train: Three-wheel train of gilt-brass wheels, the second and contrate wheels with three crossings. A separate bridge for the recessed second wheel and contrate pinion. The second wheel probably replaced. Escapement & balance: Verge escapement, the verge and balance replaced. Gilt-brass screwed on balance cock, pierced and engraved with scrolling foliage. Striking mechanism: Count-wheel striking, for hours only. Gilt-brass fixed barrel, pierced and engraved with foliate scrolls on the visible side. Geared stop-work mounted on the potence-plate. Six wheel train terminating with a roller pinion, the fourth wheel and fifth pinion recessed into the pillar-plate and running in a separate bridge. Count-wheel replaced. Warned release with two pierced foliate steel gates. The train is released by a 12-point star-wheel on the dial wheel. Alarm train: Powered by a fixed gilt-brass barrel pierced and engraved on the visible side. Geared stop-work mounted on the potence-plate. Three-wheel train, the great and second wheels gilt-brass, the contrate wheel of solid steel. The second wheel and contrate pinion recessed into the plate and running in a separate bridge. The hammer is operated by a steel crown wheel and verge. The crown wheel running between a riveted scroll-shaped potence and a screwed-on counter-potence. Released by a brass cam mounted friction-tight on the dial wheel, the release lever and spring not original. Dial & hand: Gilt-brass dial plate with an engraved border to surround the pinned-on silver chapter-ring. Roman hours I-XII and foliate half-hour marks surround a quarter-circle. In the centre, a silver alarm-setting disc engraved 1-12, with a steel pointer at 12 to show the time. The middle of the disc is engraved with a design of foliate scrolls. At the centre a steel alarm-setting hand. The dial plate has three bayonet lugs which engage in the pillar-plate with a latch to lock. : CASE: Silver case with plain silver bezel, split and glazed. Band pierced and engraved with foliate scrolls incorporating a rabbit, snail, pigeons/doves, butterflies, a shrew ? a monkey, and a caterpillar. Silver pendant with loose ring. Inside the case a bell which is probably a replacement. Train count: Going: Great wheel, 70 teeth 2nd wheel, 62 teeth, 6 leaves Contrate wheel, 54 teeth, 6 leaves Escape wheel, 17 teeth, 5 leaves Striking: Great wheel 60 teeth 2nd wheel (pin wheel) 48 teeth, 8 leaves 3rd wheel 36 teeth, 6 leaves 4th wheel 32 teeth, 6 leaves 5th wheel 28 teeth, 6 leaves Fly 6 leaves Alarm: Great wheel 36 teeth Intermediate wheel 28 teeth, 8 leaves Contrate wheel 24 teeth, 8 leaves Crown wheel 7 teeth, 7 leaves.
Curator's comments — British Museum
There is an indistinct inscription on the back of the alarm-setting disc which may relate to the maker or dial engraver. [DT.1/92] Associated dates : 1834 (12th July). Associated dates : 1909 (August).
Inscriptions & marks
inscription; E. Marchal Le 12 juillet 1834 [dial plate etc]; inscription; W.J. Miles Poole Aug 1909 [dial plate]; inscription; PARE ANCOT [dial plate]
Provenance
Previous owner/ex-collection:, Courtenay Adrian Ilbert; Purchased through:, Christie's; Acquired 1958
Historical context
Early Modern Horology (1600 – 1750)
Huygens' pendulum and balance spring transform accuracy; English makers develop the anchor and deadbeat escapements.
The balance spring (c. 1675) improved watches dramatically and introduced the minute hand. English pair-cased verge watches with pierced balance cocks and French oignons were typical; enamel painting at Blois and Geneva, and the repeating watch (1680s), made watches objects of great refinement.
Read the period in the timelineMore pocket watches from this periodEarlier: Renaissance Horology
Atlas type guide
Verge and pair-cased watches
After Christiaan Huygens and Robert Hooke applied the balance spring around 1675, the verge watch became a reasonably reliable timekeeper and the minute hand became standard. Through the eighteenth century the typical English watch was a pair-cased verge: a fusee movement with a pierced, engraved balance cock, housed in an inner case and a separate protective outer case, often of repoussé gold, shagreen, tortoiseshell or enamel.
French watches of the same period were thicker 'oignons', later replaced by elegant thinner watches following Jean-Antoine Lépine's bar-bridge calibre of c. 1770. Dutch, Swiss and German makers supplied international markets, and verge watches were made until the mid-nineteenth century as cheaper alternatives to the cylinder and lever.
What to look for
- The pierced balance cock on the backplate: winged (continental) or with a foot (English); its style dates the watch.
- Fusee and chain visible through the movement; key winding through the dial (early) or case back.
- Hallmarks inside English silver or gold cases, which give a date letter.
- Maker's name and serial number engraved on the backplate; watch papers inside outer cases.
- Enamel dials (after c. 1720) versus earlier champlevé metal dials.
Dating clues
- Champlevé dials: c. 1680–1730; white enamel dials thereafter.
- English case hallmarks give the year of assay to within a year.
- Verge watches persisted in cheap production until c. 1850.
General guidance written by the Atlas editors about this kind of object. It is not a statement about this particular piece; for that, rely on the source record above and on physical examination.
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