
Clocks · Longcase clock
Longcase clock with enamel dials by Mudge & Dutton
- Maker / attribution
- Mudge & Dutton (maker)
- Date
- c. 1770
- Historical period
- Precision & Scientific Horology (1750 – 1850)
- Country of origin
- England
- Object type
- Longcase clock
- Materials / technique
- enamel
- Dimensions
- Height 221 cm
- Stock no.
- Product 1781
- Credit line
- Dealer listing, The Antique Clock Company (product 1781)
- Catalogue title (original)
- AN IMPORTANT MUDGE & DUTTON LONGCASE CLOCK WITH ENAMEL DIALS (English)
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Record summary
Catalogued by The Antique Clock Company (dealer), Dorset (stock number Product 1781), this is a longcase clock by Mudge & Dutton, made in England, dated c. 1770. The Atlas places it in the Precision & Scientific Horology period (1750 – 1850) of its Clocks collection. Materials and techniques recorded by the source: enamel. Recorded dimensions: Height 221 cm. The record is illustrated with 6 photographs.
Assembled from the source record's structured fields. Dates and attributions are given as the source states them; where a field is missing the Atlas leaves it blank rather than estimating.
Catalogue description
Dealer description — The Antique Clock Company
This important clock is a superbly elegant longcase clock made by the eminent makers; Thomas Mudge and William Dutton. The beautiful Fleet Street mahogany case with choice veneers to the trunk door and base panel is made to stunning proportions. Understood to be made by The Rich family in Fleet Street it has lovely thin bolection mouldings around the doors, it is a case of pure quality. The movement is exactly what is expected from a Mudge & Dutton clock, good substantial plates and every detail finished to the highest quality. With vitreous enamel dials in perfect condition, these enamel dials were only ever used on the very best clocks. They were the most expensive dials to make due to the success rate being only one success in every dozen made, most failed because they tend to crack whilst cooling down. It was a very risky process and as such, today there are very few enamel dial clocks of this size around. The bigger the dial means the higher the risk there was of them cracking. Previously this clock was part of the Tom Scott Collection, being number 62 in the inventory. The clock is accompanied with a leather bound book detailing the whole collection, in which this clock can be found. The book is also signed by all three authors and is also numbered. Movement : The substantial 8-day weight driven clock movement held together by four heavy baluster pillars with anchor escapement, T-bar seconds pendulum featuring a considerable iron rod with heavy lenticular brass bob and engraved silvered rating nut. The strike train uses a rack strike system to strike the hours to a bell at the top of the movement. Case : Extremely elegant to the eye, this fine Cuban mahogany case has been made beautifully. Understood to have been made by case makers The Rich family of Fleet Street (who notably made cases for not only Mudge & Dutton, but also the Vulliamy family as well as Holmes), using fine bolection mouldings to the doors, the hood door being particularly delicate when compared to most of standard composure. The hood also consisting of reeded columns to the sides of the door and silk backed fish scale brass frets to both sides of the clock movement, topped with a single brass spherical finial. The trunk of the case is stood upon a double plinth with the base above having a genuine applied panel with choice veneer and the trunk door to match showing off the choice cut of high quality mahogany veneer to great effect. Dial : The break arch dial measuring 12” wide by 16” tall features the gilt brass dial plate with two perfect vitreous enamel dials. The clock dial features roman numerals with Arabic five minute markers with shaped finely blued steel hands. Immediately above there is a strike/silent lever below the top enamel dial numbered 1 -31 for the calendar, also signed Thos. Mudge. Wm. Dutton, with the dial complimented by six cast and chased gilt brass rococo spandrels. Currently – Private collection, UK Previously – Scott collection, Channel Islands Previously – Sothebys, London. Literature : The Golden Age of Horology, Garnier & Carter – Page 246 & 247 Height: 87” or 221cm (Top of finial) *This clock is delivered and set up for free within the UK. We regularly ship clocks all over the world with our approved and well-established Antiques and Fine Art Packers & Shippers. Please ask for a quote should you require this service. Thomas Mudge – B.1715 – D.1794 William Dutton – B.1722 – D.1794 It is believed William Dutton to have been born in Buckinghamshire in 1722. He also served his apprenticeship under George Graham in 1738. In 1746 he completed his apprenticeship and became a Freeman of the Clockmakers Company. In 1755 Dutton and Mudge formed what would be a successful partnership located at No. 148 Fleet Street. This address was used by the Dutton family for several generations to come. In 1771, Dutton took over the company when Mudge moved to Plymouth. He later took his sons into partnership and they traded under the firm name of W. Dutton & Sons, as well as Dutton & Mudge. The partnership with Thomas Mudge was not dissolved until 1790, and the Dutton & Mudge name still appeared on items until Mudge’s death. William Dutton and Thomas Mudge both died in 1794. William had two sons, Matthew and Thomas.
Provenance
Provenance :
Historical context
Precision & Scientific Horology (1750 – 1850)
Harrison solves longitude; Mudge invents the lever; Breguet's Paris workshop defines the modern watch.
The age of the deadbeat escapement, compensated pendulums and observatory regulators. Domestic clocks spread through the middle classes: English longcase and bracket clocks, French gilt-bronze mantel clocks, Viennese Biedermeier wall clocks, Black Forest painted-shield clocks, and the first American shelf clocks.
Read the period in the timelineMore clocks from this periodEarlier: Early Modern Horology
Atlas type guide
Longcase (tall-case or grandfather) clocks
The longcase clock was born from two seventeenth-century innovations: Christiaan Huygens's pendulum (1656–57) and the anchor escapement (c. 1670). A long seconds pendulum, nearly a metre long, swings with a small arc, and enclosing it together with the driving weights in a tall wooden case protected the mechanism and created a new piece of furniture. London makers such as Ahasuerus Fromanteel, Thomas Tompion and Joseph Knibb set the pattern.
By the eighteenth century longcase clocks were made throughout Britain, the Netherlands, Scandinavia (the Swedish Mora clock), France (the Comtoise from the Franche-Comté), Germany and colonial America. Eight-day movements with two weights became standard in better clocks; thirty-hour clocks with one weight and a rope or chain were cheaper alternatives.
What to look for
- Winding holes in the dial: two (eight-day, going and striking) or none (thirty-hour, pulled up by a chain).
- Brass dials with applied chapter rings (earlier) versus painted iron 'white' dials (after c. 1770 in Britain).
- Moon-phase arches, date apertures, seconds dials and maker's name on the dial.
- Case woods and style: ebonised, walnut marquetry, lacquer, oak or mahogany; regional styles from London, Lancashire, Scotland or America.
- Whether the movement and dial match the case — 'marriages' are common.
Dating clues
- Square brass dials suggest c. 1670–1720; arched brass dials c. 1715–1790.
- Painted (white) dials were made by Birmingham dial-makers from about 1772.
- Comtoise clocks with repoussé pendulums are mostly nineteenth century.
General guidance written by the Atlas editors about this kind of object. It is not a statement about this particular piece; for that, rely on the source record above and on physical examination.
Read next:Deadbeat escapementAnchor escapement
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