
Pocket Watches · Pocket watch
Gilt Centre Seconds English Cylinder, c. 1790
- Maker / attribution
- Unrecorded in source
- Date
- c. 1790
- Historical period
- Precision & Scientific Horology (1750 – 1850)
- Country of origin
- England
- Object type
- Pocket watch
- Materials / technique
- gilt
- Dealer
- WatchMuseum.org shop
- Stock no.
- Product 4721
- Credit line
- Dealer listing, WatchMuseum.org shop (product 4721)
- Catalogue title (original)
- Gilt Centre Seconds English Cylinder (English)
View the source record (dealer listing) ↗ (opens another website in a new tab)Suggest a correction
Record summary
Catalogued by WatchMuseum.org shop (stock number Product 4721), this is a pocket watch, made in England, dated c. 1790. The Atlas places it in the Precision & Scientific Horology period (1750 – 1850) of its Pocket Watches collection. Materials and techniques recorded by the source: gilt. The record is illustrated with 6 photographs.
Assembled from the source record's structured fields. Dates and attributions are given as the source states them; where a field is missing the Atlas leaves it blank rather than estimating.
Catalogue description
Dealer description — WatchMuseum.org shop
The “GILT CENTRE SECONDS ENGLISH CYLINDER – Circa 1790” is an exquisite testament to the artistry and precision of late 18th-century English horology, encapsulating the elegance and innovation of its time. This remarkable pocket watch, with its center seconds cylinder movement, is encased in a resplendent gilt consular case that speaks to the grandeur of its era. The full plate fire gilt movement is not only signed and numbered but also features a beautifully pierced and engraved masked cock, highlighting a large diamond endstone set in blue steel, which is a striking focal point. Adding to its allure, the silver regulator disc is visible through the intricately pierced dust cover, enhancing its sophisticated design. The watch’s mechanical prowess is evident in its plain three-arm steel balance and blue steel spiral hairspring, complemented by a polished steel cylinder with an original banking pin and an unusually large brass escape wheel. The white enamel dial is a masterpiece in itself, adorned with Roman numerals, a finely detailed seconds track, and elegant gold hands, with the center seconds hand uniquely positioned between the minute and hour hands, offering a distinctive aesthetic. The consular case, crafted from plain gilt metal, combines elegance with functionality, featuring back and front bezels that open on a single hinge with dust-proof shuts to protect the delicate movement. The skillfully cut inner dome reveals the dust cover, which proudly bears the maker’s mark “GMR,” adding both visual intrigue and a slim profile to the watch. In excellent condition, this timepiece showcases meticulous craftsmanship and attention to detail, with its unique features such as the large diamond endstone and streamlined case design, making it a true gem from the late 18th century. Signed by Peter Smitton of London, this watch, with a diameter of 53 mm and a depth of 14 mm, stands as a remarkable piece of history and a tribute to the timeless elegance of period horology. This is a stunning late 18th-century English pocket watch, featuring a centre seconds cylinder movement housed in a beautiful gilt consular case. The full plate fire gilt movement is signed and numbered, with a pierced and engraved masked cock that showcases a large diamond endstone in a blue steel setting. The silver regulator disc can be seen through the pierced dust cover, adding an extra touch of elegance. The watch boasts a plain three-arm steel balance and a blue steel spiral hairspring. The polished steel cylinder is fitted with an original banking pin, and the escape wheel is unusually large and made of brass. The white enamel dial showcases Roman numerals, a fine seconds track at the edge, and gold hands. The centre seconds hand is positioned between the minute and hour hands, adding a unique touch to the design. The consular case, made of plain gilt metal, is both elegant and practical. Both the back and front bezels open on the same hinge, with dust-proof shuts ensuring protection for the delicate movement inside. The inner dome has been skillfully cut away to reveal the dust cover, which bears the maker’s mark “GMR”. This design choice not only adds visual interest but also helps keep the watch as slim as possible. Overall, this watch is in excellent condition, with the case demonstrating careful craftsmanship and attention to detail. The combination of the unique features, including the large diamond endstone and the streamlined case design, make this timepiece a true gem from the late 18th century. Signed Peter Smitton London Circa 1790 Diameter 53 mm Depth 14 mm
Historical context
Precision & Scientific Horology (1750 – 1850)
Harrison solves longitude; Mudge invents the lever; Breguet's Paris workshop defines the modern watch.
From 1750 to 1850 the watch became a precision instrument. Mudge's lever escapement, the cylinder escapement, Lépine's thin bar calibre, Breguet's innovations (overcoil, tourbillon, perpétuelle) and the pocket chronometer of Arnold and Earnshaw all date from this period, while verge watches remained common in cheaper production.
Read the period in the timelineMore pocket watches from this periodEarlier: Early Modern Horology
Atlas type guide
Pocket watches
The pocket watch was the dominant personal timekeeper from the late seventeenth century until the First World War. Its development tracks the history of the escapement: verge watches with fusees until the late eighteenth century; Thomas Mudge's lever escapement (c. 1755) and the cylinder escapement popularised by George Graham and later by Swiss makers; and the Swiss and English lever watches of the nineteenth century. Lépine's bar-bridge calibre and keyless winding made watches thinner and easier to use.
Industrialisation transformed the trade: American factories such as Waltham (from 1850) and Elgin produced interchangeable parts by machine, and Swiss makers responded with their own mechanisation after the 1876 Philadelphia Exhibition. By 1900 a reliable watch was affordable to millions; the finest makers continued to produce complications and precision watches.
What to look for
- The escapement: verge (crown wheel), cylinder, duplex, English or Swiss lever.
- Key winding (a square arbor in dial or back) or keyless crown winding.
- Signatures and serial numbers on the movement, dial and inside case back.
- Hallmarks, case maker's marks and gold or silver standards stamped in the case.
- Dial material: enamel, silver, gold, later printed metal.
Dating clues
- Verge watches dominate before c. 1800; cylinder watches c. 1770–1900; lever watches after c. 1820.
- Keyless winding: increasingly common after c. 1860.
- Manufacturer serial number lists exist for Waltham, Elgin, Longines, Omega, Patek Philippe and others.
General guidance written by the Atlas editors about this kind of object. It is not a statement about this particular piece; for that, rely on the source record above and on physical examination.
Read next:Verge escapementDetached lever escapementFuseeIdentification Centre
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