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Clocks · Regulator

Domestic regulator by Brysons, Edinburgh, c. 1845

DocumentedDocumented from a dealer's listing; attribution and date as stated by the dealer.
Maker / attribution
Brysons (maker)
Date
c. 1845
Country of origin
Scotland
Place
Edinburgh
Object type
Regulator
Materials / technique
mahogany
Dimensions
Height 6 ft 4 in (193 cm)
Stock no.
Product 256
Credit line
Dealer listing, P A Oxley (product 256)
Catalogue title (original)
Domestic Regulator by Brysons of Edinburgh (English)

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Record summary

Catalogued by P A Oxley (dealer), Wiltshire (stock number Product 256), this is a regulator by Brysons, made in Edinburgh, Scotland, dated c. 1845. The Atlas places it in the Precision & Scientific Horology period (1750 – 1850) of its Clocks collection. Materials and techniques recorded by the source: mahogany. Recorded dimensions: Height 6 ft 4 in (193 cm). The record is illustrated with 5 photographs.

Assembled from the source record's structured fields. Dates and attributions are given as the source states them; where a field is missing the Atlas leaves it blank rather than estimating.

Catalogue description

Dealer description — P A Oxley

A very small high quality Domestic Regulator by these Clockmakers to the Royal family. The 8 day duration movement striking the hours on a bell with Deadbeat Escapement and Harrison Maintaining Power. The round silvered brass dial showing both seconds and date and set within a silvered brass sight ring. Also with matching blued steel hands and signed by the maker to the centre of the dial. The unusually constructed Mercurial Pendulum with a steel rod set within the actual glass flask. The top of the pendulum mounted on a very substantial cast iron bracket hanging from the backboard. The plain mahogany case with a glazed trunk door with a veneered backboard, single plinth to the base and finishing with a very elegant architectural top. Note: This clock was until very recently standing in the main entrance Hall of Torosay Castle on the Isle of Mull, Scotland. We believe from records acquired that the clock had been there since the 1850âs when the Castle was built. The clock is featured in a book explaining the history of the Castle which will be sold with the clock. The Brysons were not only famous in the Clockmaking world but also the Scientific establishment. They were also Clockmakers to the Royal family. The business began in the early 19th century with Robert Bryson, a very competent and inventive maker. Alexander and Robert, his two sons had joined him in business by the 1841 Census. The business then became known as Bryson & Sons or just simply Brysons. Alexander was not just a Clockmaker but also an Inventor of all types of apparatus from a device that detected Icebergs to an Improved Aneriod Barometer. The business carried on through the 19th century with Robert Snr passing away in 1852, Alexander in 1866 and then Robert Jnr in 1886. The business then passed in to the hands of Hamilton & Inches which is still in existence today. Maker Brysons of Edinburgh

Historical context

Precision & Scientific Horology (1750 – 1850)

Harrison solves longitude; Mudge invents the lever; Breguet's Paris workshop defines the modern watch.

The age of the deadbeat escapement, compensated pendulums and observatory regulators. Domestic clocks spread through the middle classes: English longcase and bracket clocks, French gilt-bronze mantel clocks, Viennese Biedermeier wall clocks, Black Forest painted-shield clocks, and the first American shelf clocks.

Read the period in the timelineMore clocks from this periodEarlier: Early Modern Horology

Atlas type guide

Regulators, wall and Vienna clocks

A regulator is a precision pendulum clock used as a time standard in observatories, workshops and railway offices. Typical features are a deadbeat or Graham escapement, a temperature-compensated pendulum (mercury jar, gridiron or later invar), maintaining power and a regulator dial that separates hours, minutes and seconds. George Graham's deadbeat escapement (c. 1715) and his mercury pendulum, together with Harrison's gridiron, set the pattern for two centuries.

Wall clocks span a much wider range: the elegant Viennese Laterndluhr and Dachluhr of the Biedermeier period, the Dutch stoelklok and staartklok, English 'dial' clocks used in schools, offices and railway stations, and mass-produced spring and weight wall clocks from Germany (Gustav Becker, Junghans, Kienzle) and America.

What to look for

  • Deadbeat escapement and compensated pendulum (gridiron rods, mercury jar or wood rod).
  • A regulator dial with a large central minute hand and separate hour and seconds dials.
  • Vienna regulators: glazed cases, slender pendulum, small weights, enamel two-piece dials.
  • German factory trademarks stamped on the backplate (e.g. Gustav Becker anchor and crown, Junghans star).

Dating clues

  • Graham-type deadbeat regulators: from c. 1720.
  • Viennese Laterndluhr: c. 1800–1850.
  • German factory 'Vienna-style' regulators: c. 1870–1930; Gustav Becker serial numbers allow close dating.

General guidance written by the Atlas editors about this kind of object. It is not a statement about this particular piece; for that, rely on the source record above and on physical examination.

Read next:Anchor (recoil) escapementGrasshopper escapement

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