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Clock, 1801–1850 (first half of the 19th century) — view 1 of 1
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Clocks · Clock

Clock, 1801–1850 (first half of the 19th century)

DocumentedDocumented from the holding institution's catalogue record.
Maker / attribution
Unrecorded in source
Date
1801–1850 (first half of the 19th century)
Country of origin
Unrecorded in source
Place
París
Object type
Clock
Materials / technique
Bronce Oro
Dimensions
Altura = 53 cm Anchura = 43 cm
Holding institution
Cerralbo Museum
Accession / object no.
pages_Main_idt_32661_inventary_VH_0625_table_FMUS_museum_MCM
Credit line
Cerralbo Museum
Catalogue title (original)
Madonna de la Silla - Reloj (Spanish)

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Record summary

Held and catalogued by Cerralbo Museum (object number pages_Main_idt_32661_inventary_VH_0625_table_FMUS_museum_MCM), this is a clock, made in París, dated 1801–1850 (first half of the 19th century). The Atlas places it in the Precision & Scientific Horology period (1750 – 1850) of its Clocks collection. Materials and techniques recorded by the source: Bronce Oro. Recorded dimensions: Altura = 53 cm Anchura = 43 cm. The record is illustrated with 1 photograph.

Assembled from the source record's structured fields. Dates and attributions are given as the source states them; where a field is missing the Atlas leaves it blank rather than estimating.

Catalogue description

Catalogue description from Cerralbo Museum

Reloj de sobremesa con caja de bronce dorado en forma de grupo escultórico, que representa a la Virgen y el Niño, inspirado en la Madonna de la Silla de Rafael, cuya imagen fue muy difundida en el siglo XIX en estampas de devoción. Este tipo de piezas se realizaron para atender una importante demanda por parte de instituciones religiosas y conventos de órdenes femeninas.

Shown in the original language of the source catalogue. An editor-reviewed English translation has not yet been published; we do not publish machine translations as authoritative text.

Historical context

Precision & Scientific Horology (1750 – 1850)

Harrison solves longitude; Mudge invents the lever; Breguet's Paris workshop defines the modern watch.

The age of the deadbeat escapement, compensated pendulums and observatory regulators. Domestic clocks spread through the middle classes: English longcase and bracket clocks, French gilt-bronze mantel clocks, Viennese Biedermeier wall clocks, Black Forest painted-shield clocks, and the first American shelf clocks.

Read the period in the timelineMore clocks from this periodEarlier: Early Modern Horology

Atlas type guide

Domestic clocks

A clock combines four systems: a source of power (falling weight, coiled spring, or later electricity), a gear train that divides time, an escapement and oscillator that regulate it (foliot, pendulum or balance), and an indicating system of dial and hands or a bell. Its history runs from the large iron weight-driven clocks of the late thirteenth century to Renaissance spring-driven table clocks, the pendulum revolution of 1656, the factory clocks of the nineteenth century and electric and quartz clocks of the twentieth.

Domestic clocks also reflect regional furniture and decorative traditions — English longcase and bracket clocks, French pendules, Viennese regulators, Black Forest and American shelf clocks — and therefore record changing tastes as much as technical progress.

What to look for

  • How the clock is powered: weights, spring barrel, fusee, electric coil.
  • The oscillator: foliot, short pendulum, long seconds pendulum or balance.
  • Whether it strikes: hour only (count wheel) or hours and quarters (rack striking).
  • The maker or retailer's name on dial and movement, and any factory trademarks.
  • Signs of alteration — replaced dials, converted escapements, 'married' cases.

Dating clues

  • Before 1656 clocks used foliots or balances; after, most domestic clocks have pendulums.
  • Anchor escapements spread after c. 1670; minute hands became common at the same time.
  • Factory production in America and Germany transformed prices after c. 1840.

General guidance written by the Atlas editors about this kind of object. It is not a statement about this particular piece; for that, rely on the source record above and on physical examination.

Read next:Verge escapementAnchor (recoil) escapementFoliot

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