Clocks · Longcase clock
Small oak longcase clock by Summerhayes, Ilminster, c. 1835
- Maker / attribution
- Summerhayes (maker)
- Date
- c. 1835
- Historical period
- Precision & Scientific Horology (1750 – 1850)
- Country of origin
- England
- Place
- Ilminster
- Object type
- Longcase clock
- Materials / technique
- mahogany, oak
- Dimensions
- Height 6 ft 9 in (206 cm)
- Stock no.
- Product 546
- Credit line
- Dealer listing, P A Oxley (product 546)
- Catalogue title (original)
- Small oak longcase clock by Summerhayes of Ilminster (English)
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Record summary
Catalogued by P A Oxley (dealer), Wiltshire (stock number Product 546), this is a longcase clock by Summerhayes, made in Ilminster, England, dated c. 1835. The Atlas places it in the Precision & Scientific Horology period (1750 – 1850) of its Clocks collection. Materials and techniques recorded by the source: mahogany, oak. Recorded dimensions: Height 6 ft 9 in (206 cm). The record is illustrated with 3 photographs.
Assembled from the source record's structured fields. Dates and attributions are given as the source states them; where a field is missing the Atlas leaves it blank rather than estimating.
Catalogue description
Dealer description — P A Oxley
A small oak longcase clock from the County of Somerset. The 8 day duration movement with a recoil anchor escapement and striking the hours on a bell. The square painted 12" dial with Ronan numerals and signed by the maker, Robert Summerhayes, Ilminster to the centre. Also with matching brass stamped hands and a date aperture above the number VI. The corners painted with flowers and foliage. The small oak case of typical Somerset style with a long trunk door, a plain base and standing on small bracket feet. The case also with mahogany crossbanding throughout. The hood displaying turned pillars and fitted with brass Doric capitals and a swan neck top with brass paterea and a central brass eagle finial. A good example of Somerset Clockmaking by these well known makers.
Historical context
Precision & Scientific Horology (1750 – 1850)
Harrison solves longitude; Mudge invents the lever; Breguet's Paris workshop defines the modern watch.
The age of the deadbeat escapement, compensated pendulums and observatory regulators. Domestic clocks spread through the middle classes: English longcase and bracket clocks, French gilt-bronze mantel clocks, Viennese Biedermeier wall clocks, Black Forest painted-shield clocks, and the first American shelf clocks.
Read the period in the timelineMore clocks from this periodEarlier: Early Modern Horology
Atlas type guide
Longcase (tall-case or grandfather) clocks
The longcase clock was born from two seventeenth-century innovations: Christiaan Huygens's pendulum (1656–57) and the anchor escapement (c. 1670). A long seconds pendulum, nearly a metre long, swings with a small arc, and enclosing it together with the driving weights in a tall wooden case protected the mechanism and created a new piece of furniture. London makers such as Ahasuerus Fromanteel, Thomas Tompion and Joseph Knibb set the pattern.
By the eighteenth century longcase clocks were made throughout Britain, the Netherlands, Scandinavia (the Swedish Mora clock), France (the Comtoise from the Franche-Comté), Germany and colonial America. Eight-day movements with two weights became standard in better clocks; thirty-hour clocks with one weight and a rope or chain were cheaper alternatives.
What to look for
- Winding holes in the dial: two (eight-day, going and striking) or none (thirty-hour, pulled up by a chain).
- Brass dials with applied chapter rings (earlier) versus painted iron 'white' dials (after c. 1770 in Britain).
- Moon-phase arches, date apertures, seconds dials and maker's name on the dial.
- Case woods and style: ebonised, walnut marquetry, lacquer, oak or mahogany; regional styles from London, Lancashire, Scotland or America.
- Whether the movement and dial match the case — 'marriages' are common.
Dating clues
- Square brass dials suggest c. 1670–1720; arched brass dials c. 1715–1790.
- Painted (white) dials were made by Birmingham dial-makers from about 1772.
- Comtoise clocks with repoussé pendulums are mostly nineteenth century.
General guidance written by the Atlas editors about this kind of object. It is not a statement about this particular piece; for that, rely on the source record above and on physical examination.
Read next:Deadbeat escapementAnchor escapement
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