Clocks · Longcase clock
Small longcase clock by Hedge, Colchester, c. 1790
- Maker / attribution
- Hedge (maker)
- Date
- c. 1790
- Historical period
- Precision & Scientific Horology (1750 – 1850)
- Country of origin
- England
- Place
- Colchester
- Object type
- Longcase clock
- Materials / technique
- mahogany
- Dimensions
- Height 6 ft 9 in (206 cm)
- Stock no.
- Product 525
- Credit line
- Dealer listing, P A Oxley (product 525)
- Catalogue title (original)
- Small longcase clock by Hedge of Colchester (English)
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Record summary
Catalogued by P A Oxley (dealer), Wiltshire (stock number Product 525), this is a longcase clock by Hedge, made in Colchester, England, dated c. 1790. The Atlas places it in the Precision & Scientific Horology period (1750 – 1850) of its Clocks collection. Materials and techniques recorded by the source: mahogany. Recorded dimensions: Height 6 ft 9 in (206 cm). The record is illustrated with 5 photographs.
Assembled from the source record's structured fields. Dates and attributions are given as the source states them; where a field is missing the Atlas leaves it blank rather than estimating.
Catalogue description
Dealer description — P A Oxley
An excellent example from the County of Essex with a beautifully faded and well figured flame mahogany veneer throughout the cabinetwork. The high quality 8 day duration movement with a recoil anchor escapement and striking the hours on a bell. The dial is of the later silvered brass design featuring Roman numerals, seconds, matching blued steel hands and the makers name Hedge of Colchester engraved to the arch. The cabinetwork veneered with high quality flame mahogany with an original patina and standing on a shaped double plinth and an applied decorative moulding. The hood features separate brass capped Doric capitals and mahogany reeded pillars below a plain broken arch top. There are also quarter pillars to the rear of the hood and inspection windows on each side. Note: The Hedge family were part of an extremely accomplished Clockmaking dynasty, spanning almost 200 years.
Historical context
Precision & Scientific Horology (1750 – 1850)
Harrison solves longitude; Mudge invents the lever; Breguet's Paris workshop defines the modern watch.
The age of the deadbeat escapement, compensated pendulums and observatory regulators. Domestic clocks spread through the middle classes: English longcase and bracket clocks, French gilt-bronze mantel clocks, Viennese Biedermeier wall clocks, Black Forest painted-shield clocks, and the first American shelf clocks.
Read the period in the timelineMore clocks from this periodEarlier: Early Modern Horology
Atlas type guide
Longcase (tall-case or grandfather) clocks
The longcase clock was born from two seventeenth-century innovations: Christiaan Huygens's pendulum (1656–57) and the anchor escapement (c. 1670). A long seconds pendulum, nearly a metre long, swings with a small arc, and enclosing it together with the driving weights in a tall wooden case protected the mechanism and created a new piece of furniture. London makers such as Ahasuerus Fromanteel, Thomas Tompion and Joseph Knibb set the pattern.
By the eighteenth century longcase clocks were made throughout Britain, the Netherlands, Scandinavia (the Swedish Mora clock), France (the Comtoise from the Franche-Comté), Germany and colonial America. Eight-day movements with two weights became standard in better clocks; thirty-hour clocks with one weight and a rope or chain were cheaper alternatives.
What to look for
- Winding holes in the dial: two (eight-day, going and striking) or none (thirty-hour, pulled up by a chain).
- Brass dials with applied chapter rings (earlier) versus painted iron 'white' dials (after c. 1770 in Britain).
- Moon-phase arches, date apertures, seconds dials and maker's name on the dial.
- Case woods and style: ebonised, walnut marquetry, lacquer, oak or mahogany; regional styles from London, Lancashire, Scotland or America.
- Whether the movement and dial match the case — 'marriages' are common.
Dating clues
- Square brass dials suggest c. 1670–1720; arched brass dials c. 1715–1790.
- Painted (white) dials were made by Birmingham dial-makers from about 1772.
- Comtoise clocks with repoussé pendulums are mostly nineteenth century.
General guidance written by the Atlas editors about this kind of object. It is not a statement about this particular piece; for that, rely on the source record above and on physical examination.
Read next:Deadbeat escapementAnchor escapement
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