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Clocks · Mechanical clock

Mechanical clock, France, 1768

DocumentedDocumented from the holding institution's catalogue record.
Maker / attribution
Unrecorded in source
Date
1768
Country of origin
France
Place
Paris Parijs urn:rijksmuseum:thesaurus:RM0001.THESAU.4975 Paris Parijs urn:rijksmuseum:thesaurus:RM0001.THESAU.4975
Object type
Mechanical clock
Materials / technique
Purchased with the support of a private collector, the BankGiro Lottery and the Jaffé-Pierson Stichting
Dimensions
height 87 cm width 42 cm depth 26.5 cm
Holding institution
Rijksmuseum
Accession / object no.
BK-2011-55
Credit line
Rijksmuseum
Catalogue title (original)
Mantel clock (English)

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Record summary

Held and catalogued by Rijksmuseum (object number BK-2011-55), this is a mechanical clock, made in Paris Parijs urn:rijksmuseum:thesaurus:RM0001.THESAU.4975 Paris Parijs urn:rijksmuseum:thesaurus:RM0001.THESAU.4975, France, dated 1768. The Atlas places it in the Precision & Scientific Horology period (1750 – 1850) of its Clocks collection. Materials and techniques recorded by the source: Purchased with the support of a private collector, the BankGiro Lottery and the Jaffé-Pierson Stichting. Recorded dimensions: height 87 cm width 42 cm depth 26.5 cm. The record is illustrated with 1 photograph.

Assembled from the source record's structured fields. Dates and attributions are given as the source states them; where a field is missing the Atlas leaves it blank rather than estimating.

Catalogue description

Catalogue description from Rijksmuseum

Large gilt-bronze mantel clocks from Paris were considered symbols of wealth and good taste throughout Europe. For example, in the 18th century, Swedish kings purchased two mantel clocks of this model. The clock’s plain, monumental shape –a lyre with a wounded dragon – is an early example of the Neoclassical style.

Historical context

Precision & Scientific Horology (1750 – 1850)

Harrison solves longitude; Mudge invents the lever; Breguet's Paris workshop defines the modern watch.

The age of the deadbeat escapement, compensated pendulums and observatory regulators. Domestic clocks spread through the middle classes: English longcase and bracket clocks, French gilt-bronze mantel clocks, Viennese Biedermeier wall clocks, Black Forest painted-shield clocks, and the first American shelf clocks.

Read the period in the timelineMore clocks from this periodEarlier: Early Modern Horology

Atlas type guide

Mantel and French pendule clocks

The mantel clock — the French pendule de cheminée — is as much decorative art as timekeeper. From the late seventeenth century Parisian clockmakers worked with cabinet-makers, bronze founders and gilders (ciseleurs-doreurs) to create cases in Boulle marquetry, gilt bronze and marble, while the movements were often supplied by specialist makers. Clocks of the Louis XIV, Louis XV and Louis XVI periods, and Empire clocks with allegorical figures, set fashions copied across Europe.

The nineteenth century industrialised the type. The 'Paris movement', a standardised round movement with silk-thread or Brocot suspension and count-wheel striking, was made in huge numbers by firms such as Japy and Vincenti, and fitted into cases of every style and material.

What to look for

  • Round 'Paris' movements with makers' stamps (e.g. Japy Frères, Vincenti, S. Marti) and medal marks from exhibitions.
  • Suspension type: silk thread (earlier) or Brocot adjustable suspension (after c. 1840).
  • Visible Brocot escapement on the dial in later clocks.
  • Fire-gilt (mercury) gilding on bronzes versus later electro-gilding.
  • Signed dials naming a retailer rather than the movement maker.

Dating clues

  • Silk-suspension Paris movements: c. 1800–1850.
  • Brocot suspension and visible escapements: after c. 1840.
  • Exhibition medal stamps on movements give dates after the medal year.

General guidance written by the Atlas editors about this kind of object. It is not a statement about this particular piece; for that, rely on the source record above and on physical examination.

Read next:Anchor (recoil) escapement

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