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Longcase clock by Isaac Nickals, Wells, c. 1740 — view 1 of 5
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Clocks · Longcase clock

Longcase clock by Isaac Nickals, Wells, c. 1740

DocumentedDocumented from a dealer's listing; attribution and date as stated by the dealer.
Maker / attribution
Isaac Nickals (maker)
Date
c. 1740
Country of origin
Unrecorded in source
Place
Wells
Object type
Longcase clock
Materials / technique
lacquer
Dimensions
Height 288 cm
Stock no.
SKU 65
Credit line
Dealer listing, Howard Walwyn (SKU 65)
Catalogue title (original)
ISAAC NICKALS. AN IMPORTANT GEORGE II PERIOD CREAM LACQUER THREE-TRAIN LONGCASE CLOCK (English)

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Record summary

Catalogued by Howard Walwyn Fine Antique Clocks (dealer), London (stock number SKU 65), this is a longcase clock by Isaac Nickals, made in Wells, dated c. 1740. The Atlas places it in the Early Modern Horology period (1600 – 1750) of its Clocks collection. Materials and techniques recorded by the source: lacquer. Recorded dimensions: Height 288 cm. The record is illustrated with 5 photographs.

Assembled from the source record's structured fields. Dates and attributions are given as the source states them; where a field is missing the Atlas leaves it blank rather than estimating.

Catalogue description

Dealer description — Howard Walwyn

An important George II period cream lacquer longcase clock with three train brass dial quarter chiming movement and moonphase. The 12 inch arch dial has an applied silvered Roman and Arabic chapter ring and a subsidiary seconds dial below XII. The dial centre is finely matted and has date apertures for lunar and day calendars. In the dial corners there are four subsidiary dials for repeat/not repeat and strike/no strike quarters at the top. In the bottom corners the day of the week and the month of the year are indicated. The maker’s signature is signed in large script on a horizontal plate at the bottom. Under the moon is the inscription ‘Tempus Rerum Imperator’ (Time is ruler of all things). In the arch is a moon phase dial with a tidal dial on a raised semi-circle above it. The oak case is decorated with exceptional lacquer work on green, red and gilt panels set within a cream background. The bridge top trunk door has a central roundel with a complex foliate shaped panel top and bottom. Depicted are adult figures and children at a banquet, horses and their riders, running hounds and other human figures outside an oriental pavilion beside a lake. The contrasting colours and panel shapes with the green and gilt ground colour are absolutely stunning. Even the sides of the case are decorated with birds and large sprays of foliage. The elegant break arch hood has free standing red and gilt turned columns with gilt brass capitals and bases. The decorative theme is continued with flowers and foliage depicted in reserves on a white background. The case which retains its original base stands on a sympathetically restored double plinth. The substantial high-quality 8-day three train movement strikes the quarters on 3 bells and the hours on a single bell and there is a centre seconds hand in addition to the hour and minute hands. Height: 113 in (288 cm) * This remarkable clock features on the front cover and on page 138 of ‘Norfolk & Norwich Clocks and Clockmakers’ edited by C & Y Bird. It is also illustrated with a later cresting on page 211 of ‘The Wetherfield Collection of Clocks’ by Eric Bruton and is listed in Britten’s ‘Old Clocks & Watches and their Makers’ as a ‘Splendid long-case chiming clock, with lacquer decoration, phases of the moon and time of high water in arch, about 1740, Wetherfield Collection’. Signed / Inscribed Isaac Nickals Wells

Historical context

Early Modern Horology (1600 – 1750)

Huygens' pendulum and balance spring transform accuracy; English makers develop the anchor and deadbeat escapements.

Huygens's pendulum (1656–57) improved clock accuracy from about a quarter of an hour to under a minute a day. The anchor escapement (c. 1670) and the long seconds pendulum created the longcase clock; London makers such as Fromanteel, Knibb, Tompion and Quare led European clockmaking, and French makers created the Boulle pendule.

Read the period in the timelineMore clocks from this periodEarlier: Renaissance Horology

Atlas type guide

Longcase (tall-case or grandfather) clocks

The longcase clock was born from two seventeenth-century innovations: Christiaan Huygens's pendulum (1656–57) and the anchor escapement (c. 1670). A long seconds pendulum, nearly a metre long, swings with a small arc, and enclosing it together with the driving weights in a tall wooden case protected the mechanism and created a new piece of furniture. London makers such as Ahasuerus Fromanteel, Thomas Tompion and Joseph Knibb set the pattern.

By the eighteenth century longcase clocks were made throughout Britain, the Netherlands, Scandinavia (the Swedish Mora clock), France (the Comtoise from the Franche-Comté), Germany and colonial America. Eight-day movements with two weights became standard in better clocks; thirty-hour clocks with one weight and a rope or chain were cheaper alternatives.

What to look for

  • Winding holes in the dial: two (eight-day, going and striking) or none (thirty-hour, pulled up by a chain).
  • Brass dials with applied chapter rings (earlier) versus painted iron 'white' dials (after c. 1770 in Britain).
  • Moon-phase arches, date apertures, seconds dials and maker's name on the dial.
  • Case woods and style: ebonised, walnut marquetry, lacquer, oak or mahogany; regional styles from London, Lancashire, Scotland or America.
  • Whether the movement and dial match the case — 'marriages' are common.

Dating clues

  • Square brass dials suggest c. 1670–1720; arched brass dials c. 1715–1790.
  • Painted (white) dials were made by Birmingham dial-makers from about 1772.
  • Comtoise clocks with repoussé pendulums are mostly nineteenth century.

General guidance written by the Atlas editors about this kind of object. It is not a statement about this particular piece; for that, rely on the source record above and on physical examination.

Read next:Anchor (recoil) escapementDeadbeat escapementAnchor escapement

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