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Longcase clock by Benjamin Marshall, London, c. 1690–1695 — view 1 of 5
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Clocks · Longcase clock

Longcase clock by Benjamin Marshall, London, c. 1690–1695

DocumentedDocumented from a dealer's listing; attribution and date as stated by the dealer.
Maker / attribution
Benjamin Marshall (maker)
Date
c. 1690–1695
Country of origin
England
Place
London
Object type
Longcase clock
Materials / technique
gilt
Dimensions
Height 209 cm
Stock no.
SKU 396
Credit line
Dealer listing, Howard Walwyn (SKU 396)
Catalogue title (original)
BENJAMIN MARSHALL. An exceptional and very rare William III period black & gilt chinoiserie longcase clock. (English)

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Record summary

Catalogued by Howard Walwyn Fine Antique Clocks (dealer), London (stock number SKU 396), this is a longcase clock by Benjamin Marshall, made in London, England, dated c. 1690–1695. The Atlas places it in the Early Modern Horology period (1600 – 1750) of its Clocks collection. Materials and techniques recorded by the source: gilt. Recorded dimensions: Height 209 cm. The record is illustrated with 5 photographs.

Assembled from the source record's structured fields. Dates and attributions are given as the source states them; where a field is missing the Atlas leaves it blank rather than estimating.

Catalogue description

Dealer description — Howard Walwyn

An exceptional William III period eight day longcase clock in a small English black and gilt chinoiserie lacquer pine case of great rarity. Standing on bun feet, there is a turned wooden lenticle to the trunk door and a pull forward hood flanked by barley twist columns with gilt capitals and bases. It is surmounted by a carved gilt wooden cresting with a cherub in the centre. The early English chinoiserie decoration depicts oriental figures in multi-coloured dress in a rural setting with flowers, birds, horses, trees, foliage and oriental buildings. The 10 inch square dial which is signed Benjamin Marshall London on the dial plate below VI is mounted with winged cherub and foliate corner spandrels and a silvered chapter ring. The dial centre is finely matted and there is a seconds ring and aperture to view the day of the month. The elegant blued steel hands are finely pierced and facetted. The high quality early movement has five turned and finned pillars and hour strike via an inside locking plate. The clock is complete with a pair of period patinated brass cased weights and a detachable steel pendulum rod with a brass lenticular bob and rating nut. Overall Height : 82 ¼ in ( 209 cm) Maximum Hood Cornice Width : 18 in (46 cm) Depth : 10 in (26 cm) * Benjamin Marshall is listed on page 335 of Brian Loomes’ Clockmakers of Britain : 1286 -1700 . He was born circa 1659 and apprenticed to Abraham Prime until 1680. He did not sign the 1697 oath of allegiance for any city company. He was last heard of in 1720 when he paid off his quarterly arrears. This clock is a wonderful example of early English lacquer work on a late 17 th century longcase. HW5691

Historical context

Early Modern Horology (1600 – 1750)

Huygens' pendulum and balance spring transform accuracy; English makers develop the anchor and deadbeat escapements.

Huygens's pendulum (1656–57) improved clock accuracy from about a quarter of an hour to under a minute a day. The anchor escapement (c. 1670) and the long seconds pendulum created the longcase clock; London makers such as Fromanteel, Knibb, Tompion and Quare led European clockmaking, and French makers created the Boulle pendule.

Read the period in the timelineMore clocks from this periodEarlier: Renaissance Horology

Atlas type guide

Longcase (tall-case or grandfather) clocks

The longcase clock was born from two seventeenth-century innovations: Christiaan Huygens's pendulum (1656–57) and the anchor escapement (c. 1670). A long seconds pendulum, nearly a metre long, swings with a small arc, and enclosing it together with the driving weights in a tall wooden case protected the mechanism and created a new piece of furniture. London makers such as Ahasuerus Fromanteel, Thomas Tompion and Joseph Knibb set the pattern.

By the eighteenth century longcase clocks were made throughout Britain, the Netherlands, Scandinavia (the Swedish Mora clock), France (the Comtoise from the Franche-Comté), Germany and colonial America. Eight-day movements with two weights became standard in better clocks; thirty-hour clocks with one weight and a rope or chain were cheaper alternatives.

What to look for

  • Winding holes in the dial: two (eight-day, going and striking) or none (thirty-hour, pulled up by a chain).
  • Brass dials with applied chapter rings (earlier) versus painted iron 'white' dials (after c. 1770 in Britain).
  • Moon-phase arches, date apertures, seconds dials and maker's name on the dial.
  • Case woods and style: ebonised, walnut marquetry, lacquer, oak or mahogany; regional styles from London, Lancashire, Scotland or America.
  • Whether the movement and dial match the case — 'marriages' are common.

Dating clues

  • Square brass dials suggest c. 1670–1720; arched brass dials c. 1715–1790.
  • Painted (white) dials were made by Birmingham dial-makers from about 1772.
  • Comtoise clocks with repoussé pendulums are mostly nineteenth century.

General guidance written by the Atlas editors about this kind of object. It is not a statement about this particular piece; for that, rely on the source record above and on physical examination.

Read next:Anchor (recoil) escapementDeadbeat escapementAnchor escapement

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