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Pocket Watches · Pocket watch

Rock crystal crucifix watch

DocumentedDocumented from a dealer's listing; attribution and date as stated by the dealer.
Maker / attribution
Unrecorded in source
Date
c. 1630
Country of origin
France
Object type
Pocket watch
Dimensions
Diameter 25 mm
Stock no.
Product 1289
Credit line
Dealer listing, WatchMuseum.org shop (product 1289)
Catalogue title (original)
Early Rock Crystal Crucifix Watch (English)

Editor's note

The listing dates the watch 1630 and describes it as French; it notes a later four-wheel going train.

View the source record (dealer listing) ↗ (opens another website in a new tab)Suggest a correction

Record summary

Catalogued by WatchMuseum.org shop (stock number Product 1289), this is a pocket watch, made in France, dated c. 1630. The Atlas places it in the Early Modern Horology period (1600 – 1750) of its Pocket Watches collection. Recorded dimensions: Diameter 25 mm. The record is illustrated with 6 photographs.

Assembled from the source record's structured fields. Dates and attributions are given as the source states them; where a field is missing the Atlas leaves it blank rather than estimating.

Catalogue description

Dealer description — WatchMuseum.org shop

The EARLY ROCK CRYSTAL CRUCIFIX WATCH – 1630 is an exquisite example of French horological craftsmanship from the late 16th to early 17th Century, epitomizing both artistic beauty and mechanical ingenuity. This rare timepiece, shaped like a crucifix and encased in a gilt and rock crystal housing, showcases a deep full plate fire-gilt cruciform movement with intricately pierced and engraved pillars. It boasts a fusee and chain mechanism, a worm and wheel barrel setup, and a small silver index, all indicative of its sophisticated design. Despite its age, the watch has been upgraded with a later four-wheel going train, yet it intriguingly lacks a balance spring. The teardrop-shaped silver dial, adorned with a cathedral engraving and a winged heart, features Roman numerals and a single gilt hand, all enclosed within an engraved gilt crucifix-shaped mask with curved ends. Signed by J Gespard duVal and dating back to circa 1630, this watch measures 39 x 53 x 25mm and is a testament to the enduring allure of early timekeeping devices. A similar piece can be found in the prestigious collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, further underscoring its historical significance and rarity. This is a stunning late 16th to early 17th Century French pre-balance spring verge watch, shaped like a crucifix, enclosed in a gilt and rock crystal case. The movement has a deep full plate fire-gilt cruciform design with pierced and engraved pillars. It features a fusee and chain, along with a worm and wheel barrel setup on the plate, with a small silver index. The cock is pierced and engraved, and there is a small steel balance without a spring. The going train has been upgraded with a later four-wheel system. The small teardrop-shaped silver dial has a cathedral engraved at the center with a winged heart below it. There are Roman numerals and a small single gilt hand. The engraved gilt crucifix-shaped mask has curved ends. The fine rock crystal case is mounted in engraved gilt frames. What makes this watch unique is that it is a rare early rock crystal crucifix watch, in excellent condition. Surprisingly, even though the train has been improved, it has not been fitted with a balance spring. The watch is signed by J Gespard duVal and was made around 1630. It is 39 x 53 x 25mm in size, and a similar octagonal crystal watch can be found in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. Signed J Gespard duVal Circa 1630 Dimensions 39 x 53 x 25 mm Origin French Period 17th Century Materials Crystal

Historical context

Early Modern Horology (1600 – 1750)

Huygens' pendulum and balance spring transform accuracy; English makers develop the anchor and deadbeat escapements.

The balance spring (c. 1675) improved watches dramatically and introduced the minute hand. English pair-cased verge watches with pierced balance cocks and French oignons were typical; enamel painting at Blois and Geneva, and the repeating watch (1680s), made watches objects of great refinement.

Read the period in the timelineMore pocket watches from this periodEarlier: Renaissance Horology

Atlas type guide

Pocket watches

The pocket watch was the dominant personal timekeeper from the late seventeenth century until the First World War. Its development tracks the history of the escapement: verge watches with fusees until the late eighteenth century; Thomas Mudge's lever escapement (c. 1755) and the cylinder escapement popularised by George Graham and later by Swiss makers; and the Swiss and English lever watches of the nineteenth century. Lépine's bar-bridge calibre and keyless winding made watches thinner and easier to use.

Industrialisation transformed the trade: American factories such as Waltham (from 1850) and Elgin produced interchangeable parts by machine, and Swiss makers responded with their own mechanisation after the 1876 Philadelphia Exhibition. By 1900 a reliable watch was affordable to millions; the finest makers continued to produce complications and precision watches.

What to look for

  • The escapement: verge (crown wheel), cylinder, duplex, English or Swiss lever.
  • Key winding (a square arbor in dial or back) or keyless crown winding.
  • Signatures and serial numbers on the movement, dial and inside case back.
  • Hallmarks, case maker's marks and gold or silver standards stamped in the case.
  • Dial material: enamel, silver, gold, later printed metal.

Dating clues

  • Verge watches dominate before c. 1800; cylinder watches c. 1770–1900; lever watches after c. 1820.
  • Keyless winding: increasingly common after c. 1860.
  • Manufacturer serial number lists exist for Waltham, Elgin, Longines, Omega, Patek Philippe and others.

General guidance written by the Atlas editors about this kind of object. It is not a statement about this particular piece; for that, rely on the source record above and on physical examination.

Read next:Detached lever escapementIdentification Centre

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