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Clocks · Longcase clock

Devonshire longcase clock by Sanderson, Exeter, c. 1750

DocumentedDocumented from a dealer's listing; attribution and date as stated by the dealer.
Maker / attribution
Sanderson (maker)
Date
c. 1750
Country of origin
England
Place
Exeter
Object type
Longcase clock
Materials / technique
mahogany, oak
Dimensions
Height 7 ft 3 in (221 cm)
Stock no.
Product 491
Credit line
Dealer listing, P A Oxley (product 491)
Catalogue title (original)
Devonshire longcase clock by Sanderson of Exeter (English)

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Record summary

Catalogued by P A Oxley (dealer), Wiltshire (stock number Product 491), this is a longcase clock by Sanderson, made in Exeter, England, dated c. 1750. The Atlas places it in the Precision & Scientific Horology period (1750 – 1850) of its Clocks collection. Materials and techniques recorded by the source: mahogany, oak. Recorded dimensions: Height 7 ft 3 in (221 cm). The record is illustrated with 6 photographs.

Assembled from the source record's structured fields. Dates and attributions are given as the source states them; where a field is missing the Atlas leaves it blank rather than estimating.

Catalogue description

Dealer description — P A Oxley

An excellent and desirable example of Devonshire Clockmaking. The 8 day duration 5 pillar movement strikes the hours on a bell and features a recoil anchor escapement. The 12" arched brass dial has a separate silvered brass chapter ring, matted brass centre, seconds ring and a square date aperture with an engraved surround. The makers name and place of work is engraved on a silvered brass cartouche to the centre of the dial, George Anderson of Exon. This is the Latin spelling of Exeter which is in the County of Devonshire. The dial also displays finely made and blued steel hour, minute and second hands. The spandrels to the corners are of the urn shaped pattern. To the arch you will find a silvered brass dial displaying an eagle and the words âTempus Fugitâ, the Latin inscription for âTime Fliesâ. The rare cabinet work of excellent proportions and colour is principally made from solid ash, mahogany and oak with the front elevation veneered with book matched and crossbanded ash veneer. Unusually, at this early period, solid mahogany crossbanded mouldings have been used throughout the case. The plain but well figured base stands on a single plinth. The hood features solid ash pillars with gilt Doric capitals and quarter pillars and capitals to the rear. The movement can be viewed on both sides via inspection windows to the sides of the hood. The plain broken arch top is again constructed from solid mahogany mouldings and features the original boxwood fretwork. Note: George Sanderson is listed as a Watch, Clockmaker and Jeweller. He was married in 1747. He died on 10th October 1764 in Clerkenwell, London. Formed a partnership with John Mallett of London. Whilst working in London it appears he patented watch tools and a calendar watch key. Maker Sanderson of Exeter

Historical context

Precision & Scientific Horology (1750 – 1850)

Harrison solves longitude; Mudge invents the lever; Breguet's Paris workshop defines the modern watch.

The age of the deadbeat escapement, compensated pendulums and observatory regulators. Domestic clocks spread through the middle classes: English longcase and bracket clocks, French gilt-bronze mantel clocks, Viennese Biedermeier wall clocks, Black Forest painted-shield clocks, and the first American shelf clocks.

Read the period in the timelineMore clocks from this periodEarlier: Early Modern Horology

Atlas type guide

Longcase (tall-case or grandfather) clocks

The longcase clock was born from two seventeenth-century innovations: Christiaan Huygens's pendulum (1656–57) and the anchor escapement (c. 1670). A long seconds pendulum, nearly a metre long, swings with a small arc, and enclosing it together with the driving weights in a tall wooden case protected the mechanism and created a new piece of furniture. London makers such as Ahasuerus Fromanteel, Thomas Tompion and Joseph Knibb set the pattern.

By the eighteenth century longcase clocks were made throughout Britain, the Netherlands, Scandinavia (the Swedish Mora clock), France (the Comtoise from the Franche-Comté), Germany and colonial America. Eight-day movements with two weights became standard in better clocks; thirty-hour clocks with one weight and a rope or chain were cheaper alternatives.

What to look for

  • Winding holes in the dial: two (eight-day, going and striking) or none (thirty-hour, pulled up by a chain).
  • Brass dials with applied chapter rings (earlier) versus painted iron 'white' dials (after c. 1770 in Britain).
  • Moon-phase arches, date apertures, seconds dials and maker's name on the dial.
  • Case woods and style: ebonised, walnut marquetry, lacquer, oak or mahogany; regional styles from London, Lancashire, Scotland or America.
  • Whether the movement and dial match the case — 'marriages' are common.

Dating clues

  • Square brass dials suggest c. 1670–1720; arched brass dials c. 1715–1790.
  • Painted (white) dials were made by Birmingham dial-makers from about 1772.
  • Comtoise clocks with repoussé pendulums are mostly nineteenth century.

General guidance written by the Atlas editors about this kind of object. It is not a statement about this particular piece; for that, rely on the source record above and on physical examination.

Read next:Deadbeat escapementAnchor escapement

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