
Instruments · Deck watch
Deck watch no. 77334 by Elgin National Watch Company
- Maker / attribution
- Elgin National Watch Company (maker)
- Date
- c. 1942
- Historical period
- Golden Age of Mechanical Watchmaking (1900 – 1945)
- Country of origin
- United States
- Object type
- Deck watch
- Materials / technique
- brass; nickel; steel; glass; plastic; jewels; mahogany
- Dimensions
- Overall: 37 x 93 x 135 mm
- Holding institution
- Royal Museums Greenwich
- Accession / object no.
- ZBA7900
- Credit line
- National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London
- Catalogue title (original)
- 77334 (English)
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Record summary
Held and catalogued by Royal Museums Greenwich (object number ZBA7900), this is a deck watch by Elgin National Watch Company, made in United States, dated c. 1942. The Atlas places it in the Golden Age of Mechanical Watchmaking period (1900 – 1945) of its Instruments collection. Materials and techniques recorded by the source: brass; nickel; steel; glass; plastic; jewels; mahogany. Recorded dimensions: Overall: 37 x 93 x 135 mm. The record is illustrated with 2 photographs.
Assembled from the source record's structured fields. Dates and attributions are given as the source states them; where a field is missing the Atlas leaves it blank rather than estimating.
Catalogue description
Catalogue description — Royal Museums Greenwich
A mahogany deck box fitted with two brass hinges and a simple pressed brass clip-type catch. The top is glazed with a circular 'porthole' on the upper surface. The box is lined with grey imitation leather in the lid and the lower half, shaped to the form of the watch. The lid has an open-ended clear plastic cover on the inside to hold an issue card. The bottom of the box is covered with grey imitation leather. The chromium-plated nickel, open-face case has the winding/setting crown inset into a wide pendant, with a flat, shaped bow. Pulling out the winding button stops the watch (light stop-piece against the balance) and engages the handset facility. The convex 'unbreakable' glass is held in a screw-down, knurled, chromium-plated nickel bezel. The nickel, screw-down back is machine engraved on the back 'ELGIN NATIONAL WATCH COV / SER NO / 801 / ', marked in black 'H.S. 3' and '77334' underneath the earlier number. The inside of the back is stamped 'CASED AND TIMED BY ELGIN NATIONAL WATCH CO. / KEYSTONE', 'CO' in a shield, 'BASE METAL' and '14157'. A white enamel dial of 43 mm Æ is signed 'ELGIN' below the centre and '' above. The dial has vertical Arabic numerals and small vertical Arabic five-minute figures round the outside. Polished and blued-steel spade and poker-hands have a counter-balanced blued-steel centre seconds hand. The going barrel movement is of bright, damascened, nickel, and is signed with black enamel-filled engraving on the escape/fourth wheel bridge '42077334' and 'B.W. Raymond'. The barrel bridge is marked '22 JEWELS / ADJUSTED 5 POSITIONS / TEMPERATURE'. It is also marked on the main plate, by the balance cock foot 'ELGIN NAT'L WATCH CO. / U.S.A.'. A polished steel index, mounted on the balance cock, acts on a lateral screw for fine rating adjustment. The index has a diagonal scale under it, engraved with 'F' and 'S' for fast and slow. There is a four-wheel train with a going barrel, a gold centre wheel and centre seconds drive off the third wheel. There is a double roller, jewelled and club tooth lever escapement. The impulse roller has a jewelled impulse pin and pallets with red stones. The cut bimetallic balance is mounted with 16 gold screws around the rim. The flat spiral, white metal balance spring, with over coil, has an index mounted, on the upper surface of the balance cock. The train is jewelled to the centre (22 jewels in total) with red stones in gold or brass screwed-in settings. The balance, pallets and escape wheel have end stones. The instrument is in fine, almost as new condition. The fact that a new case serial number has been added to the movement is almost certainly as a result of movements (all interchangeable with Hamilton material) being switched during overhauls.
Historical context
Golden Age of Mechanical Watchmaking (1900 – 1945)
The wristwatch displaces the pocket watch; waterproof cases, self-winding and grand complications.
Timing instruments became electrical and specialised: industrial time recorders, sports timers and aviation instruments.
Read the period in the timelineMore instruments from this periodEarlier: Industrial Revolution
Atlas type guide
Marine chronometers
A marine chronometer is a precision timekeeper carried at sea to find longitude: the navigator compares local noon, observed with a sextant, with the time at a reference meridian kept by the chronometer. Each hour of difference corresponds to fifteen degrees of longitude. John Harrison proved the method in the 1760s; Pierre Le Roy, Ferdinand Berthoud, John Arnold and Thomas Earnshaw then developed the detent escapement and the compensation balance that made chronometers practical to manufacture.
By the nineteenth century London, Liverpool, Le Locle and Glashütte supplied navies and merchant fleets. A typical box chronometer has a spring-detent escapement, a fusee to equalise mainspring torque, a bimetallic compensation balance with a helical balance spring, and is mounted in gimbals inside a wooden box so that it stays level.
What to look for
- Gimbals and a three-tier wooden box with a glazed inner lid.
- A power-reserve ('up and down') indicator on the dial, usually showing 56 hours on two-day instruments.
- Spring-detent escapement and a cylindrical (helical) balance spring visible through the movement.
- Admiralty or navy marks (broad arrow), and rating certificates from observatories.
- The maker's number on the dial and movement; many makers' registers survive, allowing dating.
Dating clues
- Earnshaw-type spring-detent chronometers became standard after about 1800.
- Auxiliary compensation devices on the balance appear from the mid-nineteenth century.
- Quartz and radio time signals ended routine use of mechanical chronometers in the 1970s and 1980s.
General guidance written by the Atlas editors about this kind of object. It is not a statement about this particular piece; for that, rely on the source record above and on physical examination.
Read next:Spring detent (chronometer) escapementFuseeDetent escapement
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