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Bracket clock by Joseph Lum, London, c. 1760–1765 — view 1 of 6
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Clocks · Bracket clock

Bracket clock by Joseph Lum, London, c. 1760–1765

DocumentedDocumented from a dealer's listing; attribution and date as stated by the dealer.
Maker / attribution
Joseph Lum (maker)
Date
c. 1760–1765
Country of origin
England
Place
London
Object type
Bracket clock
Dimensions
Height 52 cm
Stock no.
Product 4944
Credit line
Dealer listing, Howard Walwyn (product 4944)
Catalogue title (original)
JOSEPH LUM. A rare George III period automaton table clock. (English)

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Record summary

Catalogued by Howard Walwyn Fine Antique Clocks (dealer), London (stock number Product 4944), this is a bracket clock by Joseph Lum, made in London, England, dated c. 1760–1765. The Atlas places it in the Precision & Scientific Horology period (1750 – 1850) of its Clocks collection. Recorded dimensions: Height 52 cm. The record is illustrated with 6 photographs.

Assembled from the source record's structured fields. Dates and attributions are given as the source states them; where a field is missing the Atlas leaves it blank rather than estimating.

Catalogue description

Dealer description — Howard Walwyn

A rare and highly decorative George III period English red japanned automaton table clock by this London maker. The case is of elegant inverted bell-top form, surmounted by a brass carrying handle and set with four pineapple finials above a moulded cornice. It stands on a moulded base with four wooden block feet. The circular and shaped side apertures have finely pierced wooden frets, and the whole is richly japanned with chinoiserie panels of figures and landscapes against a latticework ground with silvered borders. The decorative scheme has a warm red ground and gilded ornamentation that gives the clock great presence. The 8-inch arched silvered dial has an engraved Roman and Arabic chapter ring, with subsidiary dials for Rise/Fall and Strike/Silent . The centre is signed Joseph Lum, London and there is a date aperture above VI. The painted arch shows a couple on a see-saw before a building and a windmill. As the clock runs, the see-saw moves with the pendulum, and on the hour, or when the trip repeat is activated, the door to the building opens to reveal the figure of a man, while the sails of the windmill rotate for the duration of the strike. The twin-fusee movement has five knopped pillars, verge escapement, and rack striking on a bell. There is a trip repeat , allowing the automaton display to be set in motion on demand. The backplate is engraved with a basket of flowers within foliate scrolls and chinoiserie-inspired trelliswork, a decorative treatment entirely in keeping with the japanned case. Height : 20 ½ in (52 cm) Joseph Lum is recorded on page 496 of Brian Loomes’ Watchmakers and Clockmakers of the World: Complete 21 st Century Edition as working in London from 1745 until 1770. HW6280

Historical context

Precision & Scientific Horology (1750 – 1850)

Harrison solves longitude; Mudge invents the lever; Breguet's Paris workshop defines the modern watch.

The age of the deadbeat escapement, compensated pendulums and observatory regulators. Domestic clocks spread through the middle classes: English longcase and bracket clocks, French gilt-bronze mantel clocks, Viennese Biedermeier wall clocks, Black Forest painted-shield clocks, and the first American shelf clocks.

Read the period in the timelineMore clocks from this periodEarlier: Early Modern Horology

Atlas type guide

Bracket, table and spring-driven clocks

Spring-driven clocks freed timekeeping from the hanging weight. The coiled mainspring, documented from the fifteenth century, made portable table clocks possible; to even out its declining force, makers used the fusee, a conical pulley connected to the barrel by a gut line or chain. Renaissance table clocks from Augsburg and Nuremberg — drum-shaped, square or tower-shaped in gilt brass — were luxury scientific objects, often with astronomical dials and alarms.

After the pendulum, English makers developed the bracket clock: a wooden case with a carrying handle, a short pendulum with a verge escapement, and often repeating work to sound the hours on demand at night. Later examples use the anchor escapement. In the nineteenth century, 'table clock' became a broad term for spring clocks of every nationality.

What to look for

  • A fusee in the movement (cone-shaped pulley) and the type of line — gut or chain.
  • Verge escapement with a short bob pendulum, often with a decoratively engraved backplate.
  • Repeat cords or buttons that make the clock strike again on demand.
  • Gilt-brass engraved cases and horizontal dials on Renaissance pieces.
  • Case shapes: inverted bell, bell top, break-arch, lancet or balloon.

Dating clues

  • Drum and tower table clocks: c. 1520–1650.
  • Ebony veneered English bracket clocks with verge escapements: c. 1670–1800.
  • Engraved backplates were usual on English clocks until c. 1800, then generally plain.

General guidance written by the Atlas editors about this kind of object. It is not a statement about this particular piece; for that, rely on the source record above and on physical examination.

Read next:Anchor (recoil) escapement

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