
Clocks · Longcase clock
Walnut longcase clock by Langley Bradley, London
- Maker / attribution
- Langley Bradley (maker)
- Date
- c. 1705
- Historical period
- Early Modern Horology (1600 – 1750)
- Country of origin
- England
- Place
- London
- Object type
- Longcase clock
- Materials / technique
- walnut
- Stock no.
- Product 374
- Credit line
- Dealer listing, The Antique Clock Company (product 374)
- Catalogue title (original)
- LANGLEY BRADLEY LONDON WALNUT LONGCASE CLOCK (English)
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Record summary
Catalogued by The Antique Clock Company (dealer), Dorset (stock number Product 374), this is a longcase clock by Langley Bradley, made in London, England, dated c. 1705. The Atlas places it in the Early Modern Horology period (1600 – 1750) of its Clocks collection. Materials and techniques recorded by the source: walnut. The record is illustrated with 2 photographs.
Assembled from the source record's structured fields. Dates and attributions are given as the source states them; where a field is missing the Atlas leaves it blank rather than estimating.
Catalogue description
Dealer description — The Antique Clock Company
Langley Bradley London Walnut Longcase Clock This beautiful longcase clock made by a very well respected clock maker in Langley Bradley. Langley Bradley, who was Master of the Clockmakers Company, made the original clock for St Paul’s Cathedral, about 1706. He also made the clock for St Giles’ Cathedral, Edinburgh. These clocks were made to the accepted design with the driving barrels and weights at the bottom of the frame and the gears immediately above. The going train was in the middle, the striking train for the hour on the left and the quarter strike on the right. Bradley’s original clock was said to perform very well, but it was replaced by the clock made by Dennison in 1893 which, when installed, was said to be the largest clock in the United Kingdom. It strikes on an hour bell called Great Tom. This bell should not be confused with the well-known, but smaller, bell in Christ Church, Oxford, also called Great Tom. The Oxford bell has a particularly attractive note, made all the better by its beautiful architectural setting. The substantial 8 day movement has six pillars, anchor escapement with seconds pendulum and internal count wheel striking the hours on a bell. The case is made of finely figured walnut having a pendulum aperture to the front door, a flat topped hood with concave moulding below, gilded wood capital and an attractively pierced sound fret. The brass dial plate measures 11” and has a wheatear border with crown and cherub head spandrels, silvered brass chapter ring with engraved with Roman hour numerals and signed ‘ L Bradley, London’. The matted centre with date aperture, ringed winding holes, a seconds chapter and finely cut, blued steel hands. Height: 83.5″ or 212cm
Historical context
Early Modern Horology (1600 – 1750)
Huygens' pendulum and balance spring transform accuracy; English makers develop the anchor and deadbeat escapements.
Huygens's pendulum (1656–57) improved clock accuracy from about a quarter of an hour to under a minute a day. The anchor escapement (c. 1670) and the long seconds pendulum created the longcase clock; London makers such as Fromanteel, Knibb, Tompion and Quare led European clockmaking, and French makers created the Boulle pendule.
Read the period in the timelineMore clocks from this periodEarlier: Renaissance Horology
Atlas type guide
Longcase (tall-case or grandfather) clocks
The longcase clock was born from two seventeenth-century innovations: Christiaan Huygens's pendulum (1656–57) and the anchor escapement (c. 1670). A long seconds pendulum, nearly a metre long, swings with a small arc, and enclosing it together with the driving weights in a tall wooden case protected the mechanism and created a new piece of furniture. London makers such as Ahasuerus Fromanteel, Thomas Tompion and Joseph Knibb set the pattern.
By the eighteenth century longcase clocks were made throughout Britain, the Netherlands, Scandinavia (the Swedish Mora clock), France (the Comtoise from the Franche-Comté), Germany and colonial America. Eight-day movements with two weights became standard in better clocks; thirty-hour clocks with one weight and a rope or chain were cheaper alternatives.
What to look for
- Winding holes in the dial: two (eight-day, going and striking) or none (thirty-hour, pulled up by a chain).
- Brass dials with applied chapter rings (earlier) versus painted iron 'white' dials (after c. 1770 in Britain).
- Moon-phase arches, date apertures, seconds dials and maker's name on the dial.
- Case woods and style: ebonised, walnut marquetry, lacquer, oak or mahogany; regional styles from London, Lancashire, Scotland or America.
- Whether the movement and dial match the case — 'marriages' are common.
Dating clues
- Square brass dials suggest c. 1670–1720; arched brass dials c. 1715–1790.
- Painted (white) dials were made by Birmingham dial-makers from about 1772.
- Comtoise clocks with repoussé pendulums are mostly nineteenth century.
General guidance written by the Atlas editors about this kind of object. It is not a statement about this particular piece; for that, rely on the source record above and on physical examination.
Read next:Deadbeat escapementAnchor escapement
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