Clocks · Longcase clock
Walnut grandfather clock by Cartwright, London, c. 1720
- Maker / attribution
- Cartwright (maker)
- Date
- c. 1720
- Historical period
- Early Modern Horology (1600 – 1750)
- Country of origin
- England
- Place
- London
- Object type
- Longcase clock
- Materials / technique
- walnut
- Dimensions
- Height 7 ft 3 in (221 cm)
- Stock no.
- Product 179
- Credit line
- Dealer listing, P A Oxley (product 179)
- Catalogue title (original)
- Walnut Antique Grandfather Clock by Cartwright of London (English)
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Record summary
Catalogued by P A Oxley (dealer), Wiltshire (stock number Product 179), this is a longcase clock by Cartwright, made in London, England, dated c. 1720. The Atlas places it in the Early Modern Horology period (1600 – 1750) of its Clocks collection. Materials and techniques recorded by the source: walnut. Recorded dimensions: Height 7 ft 3 in (221 cm). The record is illustrated with 6 photographs.
Assembled from the source record's structured fields. Dates and attributions are given as the source states them; where a field is missing the Atlas leaves it blank rather than estimating.
Catalogue description
Dealer description — P A Oxley
An excellent quality antique walnut grandfather clock by this Royal Clockmaker. The 8 day duration five pillar movement striking the hours on a bell. The full brass dial with separate silvered brass chapter ring, seconds ring, date aperture, ringed winding holes, finely made blued steel hands and with makers name to the arch with the additional inscription Principis Horologiars. The dial also with fine engraving to the main dial plate and spandrels to both the corners and arch. The well figured walnut case of slender proportions with a long trunk door incorporating a brass lenticle and plain base with a single plinth. The hood with a flat top, sound frets and plain walnut pillars with substantial brass capitals. A very fine early 18th century walnut longcase clock. Note: Thomas Cartwright was apprenticed to the famous maker Christopher Gould. He was clockmaker to the Prince of Wales, and subsequently to King George I. Maker Cartwright of London
Historical context
Early Modern Horology (1600 – 1750)
Huygens' pendulum and balance spring transform accuracy; English makers develop the anchor and deadbeat escapements.
Huygens's pendulum (1656–57) improved clock accuracy from about a quarter of an hour to under a minute a day. The anchor escapement (c. 1670) and the long seconds pendulum created the longcase clock; London makers such as Fromanteel, Knibb, Tompion and Quare led European clockmaking, and French makers created the Boulle pendule.
Read the period in the timelineMore clocks from this periodEarlier: Renaissance Horology
Atlas type guide
Longcase (tall-case or grandfather) clocks
The longcase clock was born from two seventeenth-century innovations: Christiaan Huygens's pendulum (1656–57) and the anchor escapement (c. 1670). A long seconds pendulum, nearly a metre long, swings with a small arc, and enclosing it together with the driving weights in a tall wooden case protected the mechanism and created a new piece of furniture. London makers such as Ahasuerus Fromanteel, Thomas Tompion and Joseph Knibb set the pattern.
By the eighteenth century longcase clocks were made throughout Britain, the Netherlands, Scandinavia (the Swedish Mora clock), France (the Comtoise from the Franche-Comté), Germany and colonial America. Eight-day movements with two weights became standard in better clocks; thirty-hour clocks with one weight and a rope or chain were cheaper alternatives.
What to look for
- Winding holes in the dial: two (eight-day, going and striking) or none (thirty-hour, pulled up by a chain).
- Brass dials with applied chapter rings (earlier) versus painted iron 'white' dials (after c. 1770 in Britain).
- Moon-phase arches, date apertures, seconds dials and maker's name on the dial.
- Case woods and style: ebonised, walnut marquetry, lacquer, oak or mahogany; regional styles from London, Lancashire, Scotland or America.
- Whether the movement and dial match the case — 'marriages' are common.
Dating clues
- Square brass dials suggest c. 1670–1720; arched brass dials c. 1715–1790.
- Painted (white) dials were made by Birmingham dial-makers from about 1772.
- Comtoise clocks with repoussé pendulums are mostly nineteenth century.
General guidance written by the Atlas editors about this kind of object. It is not a statement about this particular piece; for that, rely on the source record above and on physical examination.
Read next:Anchor (recoil) escapementDeadbeat escapementAnchor escapement
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