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Underpainted Horn English Pair Case, 1780 — view 1 of 3
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Pocket Watches · Pocket watch

Underpainted Horn English Pair Case, 1780

DocumentedDocumented from a dealer's listing; attribution and date as stated by the dealer.
Maker / attribution
Unrecorded in source
Date
1780
Country of origin
England
Object type
Pocket watch
Materials / technique
horn
Stock no.
Product 1514
Credit line
Dealer listing, WatchMuseum.org shop (product 1514)
Catalogue title (original)
Underpainted Horn English Pair Case (English)

View the source record (dealer listing) ↗ (opens another website in a new tab)Suggest a correction

Record summary

Catalogued by WatchMuseum.org shop (stock number Product 1514), this is a pocket watch, made in England, dated 1780. The Atlas places it in the Precision & Scientific Horology period (1750 – 1850) of its Pocket Watches collection. Materials and techniques recorded by the source: horn. The record is illustrated with 3 photographs.

Assembled from the source record's structured fields. Dates and attributions are given as the source states them; where a field is missing the Atlas leaves it blank rather than estimating.

Catalogue description

Dealer description — WatchMuseum.org shop

Step into the elegance of the late 18th century with the UNDERPAINTED HORN ENGLISH PAIR CASE – 1780, a stunning English verge watch that epitomizes the craftsmanship of its era. This exquisite timepiece boasts gilt metal and underpainted horn pair cases, showcasing the artistry and precision of historical watchmaking. The full plate fire gilt movement features round pillars, a meticulously pierced and engraved cock, and a silver regulator disc, all working in harmony with a plain three-arm steel balance and a blue steel spiral hairspring. Its white enamel dial, adorned with Roman numerals and Arabic numerals at the quarters, is complemented by gilt beetle and poker hands, adding a touch of sophistication. Encased in a plain gilt metal inner case with a matching gilt pendant and bow, the watch is further protected by an outer case covered in translucent horn, underpainted with a captivating oval scene of Britannia on the shore as a British naval ship sets sail, surrounded by intricate fern decorations. Signed by J Betson London and dating back to circa 1780, this watch, with a diameter of 49 mm and a depth of 13 mm, is not just a timekeeper but a remarkable piece of history, reflecting the grandeur and meticulous craftsmanship of its time. This is a beautiful late 18th century English verge watch that comes with gilt metal and underpainted horn pair cases. The full plate fire gilt movement has round pillars, a pierced and engraved cock, and a silver regulator disc. The watch features a plain three-arm steel balance and a blue steel spiral hairspring. The white enamel dial has Roman numerals and Arabic numerals at the quarters, as well as gilt beetle and poker hands. The watch comes with a plain gilt metal inner case, gilt pendant, and bow. The gilt metal outer case is covered in translucent horn underpainted with an oval scene of Britannia standing on the shore as a British naval ship departs. The scene and bezel are decorated with ferns. This watch is signed by J Betson London and dates back to around 1780. The diameter is 49 mm and the depth is 13 mm. Overall, a stunning and unique piece of history. Signed J Betson London Circa 1780 Diameter 49 mm Depth 13 mm

Historical context

Precision & Scientific Horology (1750 – 1850)

Harrison solves longitude; Mudge invents the lever; Breguet's Paris workshop defines the modern watch.

From 1750 to 1850 the watch became a precision instrument. Mudge's lever escapement, the cylinder escapement, Lépine's thin bar calibre, Breguet's innovations (overcoil, tourbillon, perpétuelle) and the pocket chronometer of Arnold and Earnshaw all date from this period, while verge watches remained common in cheaper production.

Read the period in the timelineMore pocket watches from this periodEarlier: Early Modern Horology

Atlas type guide

Verge and pair-cased watches

After Christiaan Huygens and Robert Hooke applied the balance spring around 1675, the verge watch became a reasonably reliable timekeeper and the minute hand became standard. Through the eighteenth century the typical English watch was a pair-cased verge: a fusee movement with a pierced, engraved balance cock, housed in an inner case and a separate protective outer case, often of repoussé gold, shagreen, tortoiseshell or enamel.

French watches of the same period were thicker 'oignons', later replaced by elegant thinner watches following Jean-Antoine Lépine's bar-bridge calibre of c. 1770. Dutch, Swiss and German makers supplied international markets, and verge watches were made until the mid-nineteenth century as cheaper alternatives to the cylinder and lever.

What to look for

  • The pierced balance cock on the backplate: winged (continental) or with a foot (English); its style dates the watch.
  • Fusee and chain visible through the movement; key winding through the dial (early) or case back.
  • Hallmarks inside English silver or gold cases, which give a date letter.
  • Maker's name and serial number engraved on the backplate; watch papers inside outer cases.
  • Enamel dials (after c. 1720) versus earlier champlevé metal dials.

Dating clues

  • Champlevé dials: c. 1680–1730; white enamel dials thereafter.
  • English case hallmarks give the year of assay to within a year.
  • Verge watches persisted in cheap production until c. 1850.

General guidance written by the Atlas editors about this kind of object. It is not a statement about this particular piece; for that, rely on the source record above and on physical examination.

Read next:FuseeVerge escapement

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