
Pocket Watches · Form watch
Silver cased verge watch in the form of a shell, with chain and two fob seals
- Maker / attribution
- Pierre Durant (Made by)
- Date
- 1620–1630
- Historical period
- Early Modern Horology (1600 – 1750)
- Country of origin
- France
- Place
- Rouen
- Object type
- Form watch
- Materials / technique
- silver
- Dimensions
- Length: 50.50 millimetres (case including pendant and finial) Thickness: 20.80 millimetres Width: 31 millimetres
- Holding institution
- British Museum
- Accession / object no.
- 1958,1201.2278
- Credit line
- British Museum, London
- Catalogue title (original)
- Silver cased verge watch in the form of a shell, with chain and two fob seals (English)
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Record summary
Held and catalogued by British Museum (object number 1958,1201.2278), this is a form watch by Pierre Durant, made in Rouen, France, dated 1620–1630. The Atlas places it in the Early Modern Horology period (1600 – 1750) of its Pocket Watches collection. Materials and techniques recorded by the source: silver. Recorded dimensions: Length: 50.50 millimetres (case including pendant and finial) Thickness: 20.80 millimetres Width: 31 millimetres. The record is illustrated with 6 photographs.
Assembled from the source record's structured fields. Dates and attributions are given as the source states them; where a field is missing the Atlas leaves it blank rather than estimating.
Catalogue description
Description — British Museum
Movement frame: Oval gilt-brass plates with four baluster pillars. Engraved decoration around the verge aperture. Mainspring and set-up: Gilt-brass barrel with dovetailed cap and riveted steel hook. Ratchet and click set-up mounted on the potence-plate. The spring and ratchet wheel are replacements and the elaborately pierced and engraved click broken and poorly repaired. Fusee & stop-work: Gilt-brass fusee for gut line with standard stop-work. Train: Three wheel going train of gilt brass wheels the second wheel not original but made from an early wheel, the front face of each tooth filed away to facilitate engagement with the contrate pinion. The contrate wheel has three crossings. Train-count: Gt wheel 56 2nd wheel 45/5 Contrate wheel 40/5 Escape wheel 15/5 Pinion of 3 on extended gt-wheel arbor drives hour wheel of 30. Fusee with 12 turns. Escapement and balance: Verge escapement, the crown wheel runs between a riveted potence with engraved decoration on the visible side, and a replacement screwed on counter potence, the original was probably riveted. The verge and balance are possibly replacements. Pierced and engraved foliate balance cock, pinned to a stud on the potence-plate. Dial & hand: Gilt-brass dial engraved around the outside with scrolling foliage. At the bottom a grotesque mask and at the top, a crown surmounted by a winged heart flanked by two angels. Applied silver chapter-ring with Roman hour numerals I-XII and heart-shaped half-hour marks between two circles, the inner with dots at the hours. Within the chapter-ring the dial is engraved with a landscape with buildings in the background and two ducks on a lake in the foreground. Single blued steel hand. Dial hinged to case at XII. Case-catch not original. Four lugs in the dial edge engage in recesses in the case band. CASE: Silver case in the form of a scallop-shell with hinged lid and back. The fluted case is engraved all over with scrolling foliate designs. The hinge blocks for the lid and back are engraved with a winged cherub's head. Cast silver foliate pendant with loose ring; turned silver finial. Attached to the pendant ring is a silver chain with two silver fob-seals, both with engraved arms. : CASE CATCH An all in one case catch and spring riveted to the underside of the dial not original. MOTION WORK A pinion of report of three pins cut into the end of the great wheel arbor drives a brass dial wheel which is not original. TRAIN COUNT Great Wheel:55 Second Wheel:45 Pinion:5 [wheel not original] Contrate Wheel:40 Pinion:5 Crown Wheel:15 Pinion:5 : Beats per hour:19,800 : MOTION WORK/DURATION Pinion of report:3 Dial Wheel:30 [replacement] Fusee:12 turns Duration:14.4 hours.
Curator's comments — British Museum
The two seals have the following arms: 1. Ermine, three annulets two and one. Crest: a demi-lion rampant, in its dexter paw a sword. 2. On a shield, a sword with the point upwards in bend and in chief a martlet?.
Inscriptions & marks
signature; P Durant à Rouen [potence-plate]; inscription; IG [on one seal]
Provenance
Previous owner/ex-collection:, Courtenay Adrian Ilbert; Purchased through:, Christie's; Acquired 1958
Historical context
Early Modern Horology (1600 – 1750)
Huygens' pendulum and balance spring transform accuracy; English makers develop the anchor and deadbeat escapements.
The balance spring (c. 1675) improved watches dramatically and introduced the minute hand. English pair-cased verge watches with pierced balance cocks and French oignons were typical; enamel painting at Blois and Geneva, and the repeating watch (1680s), made watches objects of great refinement.
Read the period in the timelineMore pocket watches from this periodEarlier: Renaissance Horology
Atlas type guide
Early spring-driven watches
Portable spring-driven timepieces appeared in southern Germany, France and Italy in the early sixteenth century; Peter Henlein of Nuremberg is traditionally credited, although the historical record is complex. These early watches were worn as pendants or carried, had iron or brass movements with a verge escapement and a foliot or small balance, and used a stackfreed or fusee to equalise spring force. They indicated hours only and were notoriously inaccurate.
From the later sixteenth century watches were made in Blois, Paris, Geneva, London and Augsburg in oval, octagonal, cruciform, skull and other 'form' cases of rock crystal, gilt brass, silver and enamel. They were jewellery and status objects as much as timekeepers.
What to look for
- A single hour hand and often a touch-pin hour ring for feeling the time.
- Stackfreed (a cam and spring) instead of a fusee on German watches.
- Pierced and engraved cocks over the balance, fine gut fusee lines.
- Rock-crystal, enamelled or engraved form cases.
Dating clues
- Drum-shaped German watches: c. 1530–1580.
- Oval and form watches: c. 1580–1650.
- Before c. 1675 there is no balance spring; watches can vary by many minutes a day.
General guidance written by the Atlas editors about this kind of object. It is not a statement about this particular piece; for that, rely on the source record above and on physical examination.
Read next:FoliotThe Melanchthon watch
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