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Pocket Watch - Mudge & Dutton, c. 1770 — view 1 of 6
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Pocket Watches · Pocket watch

Pocket Watch - Mudge & Dutton, c. 1770

DocumentedDocumented from the holding institution's catalogue record.
Maker / attribution
Mr Thomas Mudge (Maker); Mr William Dutton (Maker)
Date
c. 1770
Country of origin
England
Place
London, Middlesex, England, Great Britain
Object type
Pocket watch
Dimensions
2.3 cm (Depth), 4.8 cm (Outside Diameter); 860 mm (Length), 75 mm (Width), 25 mm (Height)
Holding institution
Museums Victoria, Melbourne
Accession / object no.
ST 21241
Catalogue title (original)
Pocket Watch - Mudge & Dutton, circa 1770 (English)

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Record summary

Held and catalogued by Museums Victoria, Melbourne (object number ST 21241), this is a pocket watch by Mr Thomas Mudge, made in London, Middlesex, England, Great Britain, dated c. 1770. The Atlas places it in the Precision & Scientific Horology period (1750 – 1850) of its Pocket Watches collection. Recorded dimensions: 2.3 cm (Depth), 4.8 cm (Outside Diameter); 860 mm (Length), 75 mm (Width), 25 mm (Height). The record is illustrated with 6 photographs.

Assembled from the source record's structured fields. Dates and attributions are given as the source states them; where a field is missing the Atlas leaves it blank rather than estimating.

Catalogue description

Summary — Museums Victoria

Gents pocket watch, gold pair case, Thomas Mudge & William Dutton, London, no 943, circa 1770. Outer case carries the London hallmark for 1798. The watch was the property of Derwas Owen Jones, who arrived in the Lightning with his brother Henry (Harry) Jones in 1842. Their father owned the Bank of Shrewsbury. The brothers initially cleared land near Kilmore to breed sheep, then moved to South Australia and established Binnum Station, north of Naracoorte. The 'Binnum Run', lease no.162 of 1851, was held by H.& D.O. Jones. A third brother, Heighway Jones (1817-1876), joined the brothers in 1847 and founded Kybybolite Station. Derwas Owen Jones returned to England subsequently, and lived at Pontesford House, Pontesford, Shropshire.

Physical description — Museums Victoria

18 carat gold pair case, the inner one being pierced with a leaf design. Plain gold hands. A repeater mechanism sounds the hours and quarters one to four. Back plate is ornate. White enamel dial has black roman numerals and gold hands. Key wound spring; cylinder escapement. Fusee and chain; winding dial. Steel balance wheel, ornate brass cock and diamond end jewel.

Significance — Museums Victoria

The watch was the property of Derwas Owen Jones, who arrived in the Lightning with his brother Henry (Harry) Jones in 1842. Their father owned the Bank of Shrewsbury. The brothers initially cleared land near Kilmore to breed sheep, then moved to South Australia and established Binnum Station, north of Naracoorte. The 'Binnum Run', lease no. 162 of 1851, was held by H. and D.O. Jones. A third brother, Heighway Jones (1817-1876), joined the brothers in 1847 and founded Kybybolite Station. Derwas Owen Jones returned to England subsequently, and lived at Pontesford House, Pontesford, Shropshire. There is a photograph of Mr Derwas Jones taken, at Pontesford House; he is wearing a chain but the fob attached to the chain is not clear. The photograph is held by the State Library of Victoria (H10700) and a photocopy is in the Supplementary File. The photograph and others copied in the Supp. file are part of the Cumming Album of views, owned by Derwas Jones or his family members.

Inscriptions & marks

Works cover is marked 'Tho. Mudge, W. Dutton, London'. Dial marked 'Tho. Mudge, W. Dutton, London, 943'. Outer case has hallmark of crowned 18, crowned leopard's head and c [1798].

Provenance

Donation from Miss Laura Cumming, 15 Nov 1939

Historical context

Precision & Scientific Horology (1750 – 1850)

Harrison solves longitude; Mudge invents the lever; Breguet's Paris workshop defines the modern watch.

From 1750 to 1850 the watch became a precision instrument. Mudge's lever escapement, the cylinder escapement, Lépine's thin bar calibre, Breguet's innovations (overcoil, tourbillon, perpétuelle) and the pocket chronometer of Arnold and Earnshaw all date from this period, while verge watches remained common in cheaper production.

Read the period in the timelineMore pocket watches from this periodEarlier: Early Modern Horology

Atlas type guide

Pocket watches

The pocket watch was the dominant personal timekeeper from the late seventeenth century until the First World War. Its development tracks the history of the escapement: verge watches with fusees until the late eighteenth century; Thomas Mudge's lever escapement (c. 1755) and the cylinder escapement popularised by George Graham and later by Swiss makers; and the Swiss and English lever watches of the nineteenth century. Lépine's bar-bridge calibre and keyless winding made watches thinner and easier to use.

Industrialisation transformed the trade: American factories such as Waltham (from 1850) and Elgin produced interchangeable parts by machine, and Swiss makers responded with their own mechanisation after the 1876 Philadelphia Exhibition. By 1900 a reliable watch was affordable to millions; the finest makers continued to produce complications and precision watches.

What to look for

  • The escapement: verge (crown wheel), cylinder, duplex, English or Swiss lever.
  • Key winding (a square arbor in dial or back) or keyless crown winding.
  • Signatures and serial numbers on the movement, dial and inside case back.
  • Hallmarks, case maker's marks and gold or silver standards stamped in the case.
  • Dial material: enamel, silver, gold, later printed metal.

Dating clues

  • Verge watches dominate before c. 1800; cylinder watches c. 1770–1900; lever watches after c. 1820.
  • Keyless winding: increasingly common after c. 1860.
  • Manufacturer serial number lists exist for Waltham, Elgin, Longines, Omega, Patek Philippe and others.

General guidance written by the Atlas editors about this kind of object. It is not a statement about this particular piece; for that, rely on the source record above and on physical examination.

Read next:Verge escapementDetached lever escapementIdentification Centre

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