
Clocks · Mantel clock
Mantel Clock - Divers Helmet, France, c. 1890
- Maker / attribution
- Unrecorded in source
- Date
- c. 1890
- Historical period
- Industrial Revolution (1850 – 1900)
- Country of origin
- France
- Object type
- Mantel clock
- Dimensions
- 157 mm (Width), 157 mm (Depth), 203 mm (Height)
- Holding institution
- Museums Victoria, Melbourne
- Accession / object no.
- ST 35035
- Catalogue title (original)
- Mantel Clock - Divers Helmet, France, circa 1890 (English)
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Record summary
Held and catalogued by Museums Victoria, Melbourne (object number ST 35035), this is a mantel clock, made in France, dated c. 1890. The Atlas places it in the Industrial Revolution period (1850 – 1900) of its Clocks collection. Recorded dimensions: 157 mm (Width), 157 mm (Depth), 203 mm (Height). The record is illustrated with 6 photographs.
Assembled from the source record's structured fields. Dates and attributions are given as the source states them; where a field is missing the Atlas leaves it blank rather than estimating.
Catalogue description
Summary — Museums Victoria
Mantel clock in form of diver's helmet, with compass, barometer and thermometer. Most likely made in France around 1890 and inspired by the Industrial Revolution. At the rear is stamped "DEPOS", in French Déposé means "registered" and this was an early form of Trademarking or Registering a particular design.
Physical description — Museums Victoria
Case in form of diver's helmet mounted on square red marble base with brass edge. Small round clock with black hands and Roman numerals mounted in front, compass in top of helmet; curved mercury in glass thermometer mounted to left; aneroid barometer mounted to right. Winding knob on right controls winding and setting of hands. Speed controlled by lever mounted in front of compass. Spring wound; lever escapement.
Inscriptions & marks
Base of brass edge scratched: 1584 Rear of helmet stamped: DEPOS
Provenance
Donation from Mrs Sanders, 30 Aug 1983
Historical context
Industrial Revolution (1850 – 1900)
American interchangeable-parts manufacture; railroad time standards; Swiss and German factory systems.
Factory production transformed the clock into an everyday object. American makers (Seth Thomas, Ansonia, Waterbury) and German factories (Junghans, Gustav Becker, Lenzkirch) sold millions of shelf, wall and alarm clocks worldwide; France produced standardised Paris movements and carriage clocks; electric time distribution began.
Read the period in the timelineMore clocks from this periodEarlier: Precision & Scientific Horology
Atlas type guide
Mantel and French pendule clocks
The mantel clock — the French pendule de cheminée — is as much decorative art as timekeeper. From the late seventeenth century Parisian clockmakers worked with cabinet-makers, bronze founders and gilders (ciseleurs-doreurs) to create cases in Boulle marquetry, gilt bronze and marble, while the movements were often supplied by specialist makers. Clocks of the Louis XIV, Louis XV and Louis XVI periods, and Empire clocks with allegorical figures, set fashions copied across Europe.
The nineteenth century industrialised the type. The 'Paris movement', a standardised round movement with silk-thread or Brocot suspension and count-wheel striking, was made in huge numbers by firms such as Japy and Vincenti, and fitted into cases of every style and material.
What to look for
- Round 'Paris' movements with makers' stamps (e.g. Japy Frères, Vincenti, S. Marti) and medal marks from exhibitions.
- Suspension type: silk thread (earlier) or Brocot adjustable suspension (after c. 1840).
- Visible Brocot escapement on the dial in later clocks.
- Fire-gilt (mercury) gilding on bronzes versus later electro-gilding.
- Signed dials naming a retailer rather than the movement maker.
Dating clues
- Silk-suspension Paris movements: c. 1800–1850.
- Brocot suspension and visible escapements: after c. 1840.
- Exhibition medal stamps on movements give dates after the medal year.
General guidance written by the Atlas editors about this kind of object. It is not a statement about this particular piece; for that, rely on the source record above and on physical examination.
Read next:Anchor (recoil) escapement
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