Skip to content
Longcase clock by Joseph Knibb, London, c. 1680 — view 1 of 6
View 1 of 6 · Image: Howard Walwyn · original image source (opens another website in a new tab)

Clocks · Longcase clock

Longcase clock by Joseph Knibb, London, c. 1680

DocumentedDocumented from a dealer's listing; attribution and date as stated by the dealer.
Maker / attribution
Joseph Knibb (maker)
Date
c. 1680
Country of origin
England
Place
London
Object type
Longcase clock
Materials / technique
walnut
Dimensions
Height 198 cm
Stock no.
SKU 525
Credit line
Dealer listing, Howard Walwyn (SKU 525)
Catalogue title (original)
JOSEPH KNIBB – Charles II period walnut longcase clock (English)

View the source record (dealer listing) ↗ (opens another website in a new tab)Suggest a correction

Record summary

Catalogued by Howard Walwyn Fine Antique Clocks (dealer), London (stock number SKU 525), this is a longcase clock by Joseph Knibb, made in London, England, dated c. 1680. The Atlas places it in the Early Modern Horology period (1600 – 1750) of its Clocks collection. Materials and techniques recorded by the source: walnut. Recorded dimensions: Height 198 cm. The record is illustrated with 6 photographs.

Assembled from the source record's structured fields. Dates and attributions are given as the source states them; where a field is missing the Atlas leaves it blank rather than estimating.

Catalogue description

Dealer description — Howard Walwyn

An exceptional Charles II period walnut longcase clock by this famous maker. The latched finned pillar 8-day movement sounds the hours on a single ‘pork pie’ bell and has outside countwheel strike. The superb 10-inch square brass dial is signed on the dial plate below VI Joseph Knibb London . It has four cherub and foliate corner spandrels, inset datework below XII, pierced and faceted blued steel hands and a finely engraved chapter ring with inside quarter and half hour markers. The slender proportioned early case, which retains its original carved shell and foliate cresting, has beautiful matching figured walnut veneers and fine patination. The rising hood has attached barley twist pillars to the front and rear and a characteristic s-scroll sound fret below the cornice moulding. It retains a metal catch within the case to hold the hood in a raised position while the movement is wound. Height: 78 in (198 cm) Width : 16 ¾ in (42.5 cm) Depth : 9 in (23 cm) * Joseph Knibb , the most famous member of the celebrated Knibb clockmaking family, was born circa 1640. He was apprenticed to his cousin Samuel in about 1655 and after serving seven years worked first in Oxford and then moved to London in 1670 where he was made free of the Clockmakers’ Company. He must soon have built up a good reputation for himself as it is recorded that he supplied a turret clock for Windsor Castle in 1677 and payments were made to him in 1682 on behalf of King Charles II. Joseph Knibb made many longcase and table clocks for domestic use. He was a particularly inventive maker and experimented with several different types of striking and repeating mechanisms. His clocks have arguably some of the most beautifully proportioned cases of any English clockmaker of the Golden Age. Reference: Dawson, Drove & Parkes, Early English Clocks Ronald A. Lee, The Knibb Family * Clockmakers HW6473

Historical context

Early Modern Horology (1600 – 1750)

Huygens' pendulum and balance spring transform accuracy; English makers develop the anchor and deadbeat escapements.

Huygens's pendulum (1656–57) improved clock accuracy from about a quarter of an hour to under a minute a day. The anchor escapement (c. 1670) and the long seconds pendulum created the longcase clock; London makers such as Fromanteel, Knibb, Tompion and Quare led European clockmaking, and French makers created the Boulle pendule.

Read the period in the timelineMore clocks from this periodEarlier: Renaissance Horology

Atlas type guide

Longcase (tall-case or grandfather) clocks

The longcase clock was born from two seventeenth-century innovations: Christiaan Huygens's pendulum (1656–57) and the anchor escapement (c. 1670). A long seconds pendulum, nearly a metre long, swings with a small arc, and enclosing it together with the driving weights in a tall wooden case protected the mechanism and created a new piece of furniture. London makers such as Ahasuerus Fromanteel, Thomas Tompion and Joseph Knibb set the pattern.

By the eighteenth century longcase clocks were made throughout Britain, the Netherlands, Scandinavia (the Swedish Mora clock), France (the Comtoise from the Franche-Comté), Germany and colonial America. Eight-day movements with two weights became standard in better clocks; thirty-hour clocks with one weight and a rope or chain were cheaper alternatives.

What to look for

  • Winding holes in the dial: two (eight-day, going and striking) or none (thirty-hour, pulled up by a chain).
  • Brass dials with applied chapter rings (earlier) versus painted iron 'white' dials (after c. 1770 in Britain).
  • Moon-phase arches, date apertures, seconds dials and maker's name on the dial.
  • Case woods and style: ebonised, walnut marquetry, lacquer, oak or mahogany; regional styles from London, Lancashire, Scotland or America.
  • Whether the movement and dial match the case — 'marriages' are common.

Dating clues

  • Square brass dials suggest c. 1670–1720; arched brass dials c. 1715–1790.
  • Painted (white) dials were made by Birmingham dial-makers from about 1772.
  • Comtoise clocks with repoussé pendulums are mostly nineteenth century.

General guidance written by the Atlas editors about this kind of object. It is not a statement about this particular piece; for that, rely on the source record above and on physical examination.

Read next:Anchor (recoil) escapementDeadbeat escapementAnchor escapement

Related records