
Clocks · Longcase clock
Longcase clock by Francis Gregg, London, c. 1711–1714
- Maker / attribution
- Francis Gregg (maker)
- Date
- c. 1711–1714
- Historical period
- Early Modern Horology (1600 – 1750)
- Country of origin
- England
- Place
- London
- Object type
- Longcase clock
- Materials / technique
- lacquer, tortoiseshell
- Dimensions
- Height 259 cm
- Stock no.
- SKU 156
- Credit line
- Dealer listing, Howard Walwyn (SKU 156)
- Catalogue title (original)
- FRANCIS GREGG, RUSSELL STREET, COVENT-GARDEN. A FINE QUEEN ANNE PERIOD FAUX TORTOISESHELL CHINOISERIE LACQUER LONGCASE CLOCK. (English)
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Record summary
Catalogued by Howard Walwyn Fine Antique Clocks (dealer), London (stock number SKU 156), this is a longcase clock by Francis Gregg, made in London, England, dated c. 1711–1714. The Atlas places it in the Early Modern Horology period (1600 – 1750) of its Clocks collection. Materials and techniques recorded by the source: lacquer, tortoiseshell. Recorded dimensions: Height 259 cm. The record is illustrated with 6 photographs.
Assembled from the source record's structured fields. Dates and attributions are given as the source states them; where a field is missing the Atlas leaves it blank rather than estimating.
Catalogue description
Dealer description — Howard Walwyn
A fine Queen Anne period faux tortoiseshell chinoiserie lacquer longcase clock with two train brass dial hour striking movement. The 12 inch square dial has an applied silvered Roman and Arabic chapter ring and a subsidiary seconds dial below XII. The dial centre is finely matted and has a round date aperture. In the dial corners there are double cherub and crown spandrels. The maker’s signature Francis Gregg, Russell Street, Covent-Garden is engraved between VII and V on the chapter ring. The original hands are finely wrought and of blued steel. The oak case , which has a central brass moulded lenticle to show off the swinging pendulum, is decorated with exceptionally fine lacquer work on a faux tortoiseshell ground. The trunk door is decorated with gilt figures set in an oriental landscape with trees, flowers, birds and boats. The sides of the case terminate in original carved gilt trusses at the top of the trunk. The hood is flanked by turned columns with brass capitals and bases and the hood door is subtly decorated with foliate and floral sprays. The unusual caddy top retains its original three gilt wood finials. The base with its double plinth is decorated with a bird, flying insects, trees and an exotic pavilion set within an oriental landscape. The substantial high-quality 8-day two train movement strikes the hours on a single bell and comes with its original brass bob pendulum and 2 brass weights. Height : 102 in (259 cm) * Francis Gregg was born circa 1677 and apprenticed through the Clockmaker’s Company to John Clowes. He had his first workshop in Russell Street, Covent Garden between 1711 and 1714 when he moved to the Dial in James Street over against the Palace Gates . We can thus date this clock to those first early years in his working life. His son, Francis Junior who succeeded him, went bankrupt in 1743. Lacquer longcase clocks of this quality and originality are comparatively rare. The fine subtle decoration and elegant proportions of this case make it particularly appealing. Signed / Inscribed Fran Gregg Russell Street, Covent-Garden
Historical context
Early Modern Horology (1600 – 1750)
Huygens' pendulum and balance spring transform accuracy; English makers develop the anchor and deadbeat escapements.
Huygens's pendulum (1656–57) improved clock accuracy from about a quarter of an hour to under a minute a day. The anchor escapement (c. 1670) and the long seconds pendulum created the longcase clock; London makers such as Fromanteel, Knibb, Tompion and Quare led European clockmaking, and French makers created the Boulle pendule.
Read the period in the timelineMore clocks from this periodEarlier: Renaissance Horology
Atlas type guide
Longcase (tall-case or grandfather) clocks
The longcase clock was born from two seventeenth-century innovations: Christiaan Huygens's pendulum (1656–57) and the anchor escapement (c. 1670). A long seconds pendulum, nearly a metre long, swings with a small arc, and enclosing it together with the driving weights in a tall wooden case protected the mechanism and created a new piece of furniture. London makers such as Ahasuerus Fromanteel, Thomas Tompion and Joseph Knibb set the pattern.
By the eighteenth century longcase clocks were made throughout Britain, the Netherlands, Scandinavia (the Swedish Mora clock), France (the Comtoise from the Franche-Comté), Germany and colonial America. Eight-day movements with two weights became standard in better clocks; thirty-hour clocks with one weight and a rope or chain were cheaper alternatives.
What to look for
- Winding holes in the dial: two (eight-day, going and striking) or none (thirty-hour, pulled up by a chain).
- Brass dials with applied chapter rings (earlier) versus painted iron 'white' dials (after c. 1770 in Britain).
- Moon-phase arches, date apertures, seconds dials and maker's name on the dial.
- Case woods and style: ebonised, walnut marquetry, lacquer, oak or mahogany; regional styles from London, Lancashire, Scotland or America.
- Whether the movement and dial match the case — 'marriages' are common.
Dating clues
- Square brass dials suggest c. 1670–1720; arched brass dials c. 1715–1790.
- Painted (white) dials were made by Birmingham dial-makers from about 1772.
- Comtoise clocks with repoussé pendulums are mostly nineteenth century.
General guidance written by the Atlas editors about this kind of object. It is not a statement about this particular piece; for that, rely on the source record above and on physical examination.
Read next:Anchor (recoil) escapementDeadbeat escapementAnchor escapement
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