Clocks · Longcase clock
Grandfather Clock by Francis Perigal, Royal Exchange, London, 1778
- Maker / attribution
- Francis Perigal (maker)
- Date
- 1778
- Historical period
- Precision & Scientific Horology (1750 – 1850)
- Country of origin
- England
- Place
- London
- Object type
- Longcase clock
- Stock no.
- 1006
- Credit line
- Dealer listing, Pendulum of Mayfair (1006)
- Catalogue title (original)
- Antique Grandfather Clock by Francis Perigal – Royal Exchange – London 1778 (English)
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Record summary
Catalogued by Pendulum of Mayfair (dealer), London (stock number 1006), this is a longcase clock by Francis Perigal, made in London, England, dated 1778. The Atlas places it in the Precision & Scientific Horology period (1750 – 1850) of its Clocks collection. The record is illustrated with 5 photographs.
Assembled from the source record's structured fields. Dates and attributions are given as the source states them; where a field is missing the Atlas leaves it blank rather than estimating.
Catalogue description
Dealer description — Pendulum of Mayfair
A simply stunning arched brass dial grandfather clock signed on a cartouche by Francis Perigal, Royal Exchange 1778. The wonderful arched brass dial with a finely matted centre, chapter ring and spandrels to the corners. Subsidiary seconds feature to the dial centre together with a calendar aperture. To the arch we have strike/silent feature. The movement with 5 pillar design and striking the hours on a single bell. The wonderful flame veneered cabinet showing all the high quality London case features including moulding to the trunk door, two plnths, reeded hood columns and dome top to the hood. The cabinet of wonderful colour and patination. Francis Perigal founded the firm of Perigal & Son. He was free of Clockmakers Company (CC) in 1741 and Master of CC in 1756. He was based out of 9, Threadneedle St., Royal Exchange and for a short period (1770) at 2, Threadneedle St., Royal Exchange. A very high quality and well respected clockmaking firm in the Royal Exchange London.
Historical context
Precision & Scientific Horology (1750 – 1850)
Harrison solves longitude; Mudge invents the lever; Breguet's Paris workshop defines the modern watch.
The age of the deadbeat escapement, compensated pendulums and observatory regulators. Domestic clocks spread through the middle classes: English longcase and bracket clocks, French gilt-bronze mantel clocks, Viennese Biedermeier wall clocks, Black Forest painted-shield clocks, and the first American shelf clocks.
Read the period in the timelineMore clocks from this periodEarlier: Early Modern Horology
Atlas type guide
Longcase (tall-case or grandfather) clocks
The longcase clock was born from two seventeenth-century innovations: Christiaan Huygens's pendulum (1656–57) and the anchor escapement (c. 1670). A long seconds pendulum, nearly a metre long, swings with a small arc, and enclosing it together with the driving weights in a tall wooden case protected the mechanism and created a new piece of furniture. London makers such as Ahasuerus Fromanteel, Thomas Tompion and Joseph Knibb set the pattern.
By the eighteenth century longcase clocks were made throughout Britain, the Netherlands, Scandinavia (the Swedish Mora clock), France (the Comtoise from the Franche-Comté), Germany and colonial America. Eight-day movements with two weights became standard in better clocks; thirty-hour clocks with one weight and a rope or chain were cheaper alternatives.
What to look for
- Winding holes in the dial: two (eight-day, going and striking) or none (thirty-hour, pulled up by a chain).
- Brass dials with applied chapter rings (earlier) versus painted iron 'white' dials (after c. 1770 in Britain).
- Moon-phase arches, date apertures, seconds dials and maker's name on the dial.
- Case woods and style: ebonised, walnut marquetry, lacquer, oak or mahogany; regional styles from London, Lancashire, Scotland or America.
- Whether the movement and dial match the case — 'marriages' are common.
Dating clues
- Square brass dials suggest c. 1670–1720; arched brass dials c. 1715–1790.
- Painted (white) dials were made by Birmingham dial-makers from about 1772.
- Comtoise clocks with repoussé pendulums are mostly nineteenth century.
General guidance written by the Atlas editors about this kind of object. It is not a statement about this particular piece; for that, rely on the source record above and on physical examination.
Read next:Anchor (recoil) escapementDeadbeat escapementAnchor escapement
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