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Pocket Watches · Clock-watch

Gilt-brass cased verge, hour-striking clock-watch

DocumentedDocumented from the holding institution's catalogue record.
Maker / attribution
Isaac Simmes (Made by)
Date
1615–1620
Country of origin
England
Place
London (England) (Aldgate)
Object type
Clock-watch
Materials / technique
brass, gold
Dimensions
Diameter: 52.20 millimetres (case)
Holding institution
British Museum
Accession / object no.
1958,1201.2243
Credit line
British Museum, London
Catalogue title (original)
Gilt-brass cased verge, hour-striking clock-watch (English)

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Record summary

Held and catalogued by British Museum (object number 1958,1201.2243), this is a clock-watch by Isaac Simmes, made in London (England) (Aldgate), dated 1615–1620. The Atlas places it in the Early Modern Horology period (1600 – 1750) of its Pocket Watches collection. Materials and techniques recorded by the source: brass, gold. Recorded dimensions: Diameter: 52.20 millimetres (case). The record is illustrated with 6 photographs.

Assembled from the source record's structured fields. Dates and attributions are given as the source states them; where a field is missing the Atlas leaves it blank rather than estimating.

Catalogue description

Description — British Museum

CASE: Gilt-brass case, pierced and engraved with scrolling foliate designs around the band and on the back. The band design incorporates birds, a snail and a butterfly and the back includes two birds. Inside the back a bell which is possibly not original. The gilt-brass pendant has been very badly mutilated but the gilt-brass finial appears to be original. Movement frame: Circular gilt-brass plates with four baluster pillars, one now missing. An engraved gadroon border around the edge of the pillar-plate and foliate engraving around the verge aperture. Dial & hand: Gilt-brass dial hinged to the case at 12 o'clock and with three bayonet lugs on the back for attaching the movement. Both sides of the dial have an engraved border of gadroon decoration similar to that on the potence-plate. The engraved chapter ring has Roman hours I-XII and star half-hour marks surrounding a circle of touch-pins. In the middle a finely engraved depiction of The Washing of the Feet. The steel hand is probably original but has been severely pitted and rusted at some time. Mainspring & set-up: Gilt-brass barrel with dovetailed cap and riveted steel hook. The original bow-and-arrow set-up now replaced by a tangent screw system. Fusee & stop-work: Gilt-brass fusee for gut line and with standard stop-work. The fusee has been altered for use with a chain but is probably original. Train: Three wheel train of gilt-brass wheels, the contrate replaced, the great and second wheels probably original. Escapement: Verge escapement, the replacement crown wheel runs between riveted potence and counter-potence. The verge, balance and balance cock are all missing. Striking train: Of the striking train, only the gilt-brass fixed barrel, pierced and engraved on the visible side, and great wheel remain. All the other components, except for the hammer return spring and the star wheel on the dial wheel, are missing. : TRAIN COUNT GOING TRAIN Great wheel:55 Second wheel:45 pinion:5 Contrate wheel:42 pinion:5 Crown wheel:15 pinion:6 : Beats per hour: Unknown because pinion of report is missing. : MOTION WORK/DURATION Pinion of report: missing Dial wheel:54 Fusee: Modified groove : STRIKING TRAIN Only the great wheel remains.

Curator's comments — British Museum

The washing of the Disciples' Feet comes from John, Ch.13 v.4-17.

Inscriptions & marks

signature; Isaake Symmes fecit [potence-plate]

Provenance

Previous owner/ex-collection:, Courtenay Adrian Ilbert; Purchased through:, Christie's; Acquired 1958

Historical context

Early Modern Horology (1600 – 1750)

Huygens' pendulum and balance spring transform accuracy; English makers develop the anchor and deadbeat escapements.

The balance spring (c. 1675) improved watches dramatically and introduced the minute hand. English pair-cased verge watches with pierced balance cocks and French oignons were typical; enamel painting at Blois and Geneva, and the repeating watch (1680s), made watches objects of great refinement.

Read the period in the timelineMore pocket watches from this periodEarlier: Renaissance Horology

Atlas type guide

Early spring-driven watches

Portable spring-driven timepieces appeared in southern Germany, France and Italy in the early sixteenth century; Peter Henlein of Nuremberg is traditionally credited, although the historical record is complex. These early watches were worn as pendants or carried, had iron or brass movements with a verge escapement and a foliot or small balance, and used a stackfreed or fusee to equalise spring force. They indicated hours only and were notoriously inaccurate.

From the later sixteenth century watches were made in Blois, Paris, Geneva, London and Augsburg in oval, octagonal, cruciform, skull and other 'form' cases of rock crystal, gilt brass, silver and enamel. They were jewellery and status objects as much as timekeepers.

What to look for

  • A single hour hand and often a touch-pin hour ring for feeling the time.
  • Stackfreed (a cam and spring) instead of a fusee on German watches.
  • Pierced and engraved cocks over the balance, fine gut fusee lines.
  • Rock-crystal, enamelled or engraved form cases.

Dating clues

  • Drum-shaped German watches: c. 1530–1580.
  • Oval and form watches: c. 1580–1650.
  • Before c. 1675 there is no balance spring; watches can vary by many minutes a day.

General guidance written by the Atlas editors about this kind of object. It is not a statement about this particular piece; for that, rely on the source record above and on physical examination.

Read next:FoliotThe Melanchthon watch

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