
Pocket Watches · Clock-watch
Gilt-brass cased verge, hour-striking clock-watch
- Maker / attribution
- Isaac Simmes (Made by)
- Date
- 1615–1620
- Historical period
- Early Modern Horology (1600 – 1750)
- Country of origin
- England
- Place
- London (England) (Aldgate)
- Object type
- Clock-watch
- Materials / technique
- brass, gold
- Dimensions
- Diameter: 52.20 millimetres (case)
- Holding institution
- British Museum
- Accession / object no.
- 1958,1201.2243
- Credit line
- British Museum, London
- Catalogue title (original)
- Gilt-brass cased verge, hour-striking clock-watch (English)
View the source record ↗ (opens another website in a new tab)Suggest a correction
Record summary
Held and catalogued by British Museum (object number 1958,1201.2243), this is a clock-watch by Isaac Simmes, made in London (England) (Aldgate), dated 1615–1620. The Atlas places it in the Early Modern Horology period (1600 – 1750) of its Pocket Watches collection. Materials and techniques recorded by the source: brass, gold. Recorded dimensions: Diameter: 52.20 millimetres (case). The record is illustrated with 6 photographs.
Assembled from the source record's structured fields. Dates and attributions are given as the source states them; where a field is missing the Atlas leaves it blank rather than estimating.
Catalogue description
Description — British Museum
CASE: Gilt-brass case, pierced and engraved with scrolling foliate designs around the band and on the back. The band design incorporates birds, a snail and a butterfly and the back includes two birds. Inside the back a bell which is possibly not original. The gilt-brass pendant has been very badly mutilated but the gilt-brass finial appears to be original. Movement frame: Circular gilt-brass plates with four baluster pillars, one now missing. An engraved gadroon border around the edge of the pillar-plate and foliate engraving around the verge aperture. Dial & hand: Gilt-brass dial hinged to the case at 12 o'clock and with three bayonet lugs on the back for attaching the movement. Both sides of the dial have an engraved border of gadroon decoration similar to that on the potence-plate. The engraved chapter ring has Roman hours I-XII and star half-hour marks surrounding a circle of touch-pins. In the middle a finely engraved depiction of The Washing of the Feet. The steel hand is probably original but has been severely pitted and rusted at some time. Mainspring & set-up: Gilt-brass barrel with dovetailed cap and riveted steel hook. The original bow-and-arrow set-up now replaced by a tangent screw system. Fusee & stop-work: Gilt-brass fusee for gut line and with standard stop-work. The fusee has been altered for use with a chain but is probably original. Train: Three wheel train of gilt-brass wheels, the contrate replaced, the great and second wheels probably original. Escapement: Verge escapement, the replacement crown wheel runs between riveted potence and counter-potence. The verge, balance and balance cock are all missing. Striking train: Of the striking train, only the gilt-brass fixed barrel, pierced and engraved on the visible side, and great wheel remain. All the other components, except for the hammer return spring and the star wheel on the dial wheel, are missing. : TRAIN COUNT GOING TRAIN Great wheel:55 Second wheel:45 pinion:5 Contrate wheel:42 pinion:5 Crown wheel:15 pinion:6 : Beats per hour: Unknown because pinion of report is missing. : MOTION WORK/DURATION Pinion of report: missing Dial wheel:54 Fusee: Modified groove : STRIKING TRAIN Only the great wheel remains.
Curator's comments — British Museum
The washing of the Disciples' Feet comes from John, Ch.13 v.4-17.
Inscriptions & marks
signature; Isaake Symmes fecit [potence-plate]
Provenance
Previous owner/ex-collection:, Courtenay Adrian Ilbert; Purchased through:, Christie's; Acquired 1958
Historical context
Early Modern Horology (1600 – 1750)
Huygens' pendulum and balance spring transform accuracy; English makers develop the anchor and deadbeat escapements.
The balance spring (c. 1675) improved watches dramatically and introduced the minute hand. English pair-cased verge watches with pierced balance cocks and French oignons were typical; enamel painting at Blois and Geneva, and the repeating watch (1680s), made watches objects of great refinement.
Read the period in the timelineMore pocket watches from this periodEarlier: Renaissance Horology
Atlas type guide
Early spring-driven watches
Portable spring-driven timepieces appeared in southern Germany, France and Italy in the early sixteenth century; Peter Henlein of Nuremberg is traditionally credited, although the historical record is complex. These early watches were worn as pendants or carried, had iron or brass movements with a verge escapement and a foliot or small balance, and used a stackfreed or fusee to equalise spring force. They indicated hours only and were notoriously inaccurate.
From the later sixteenth century watches were made in Blois, Paris, Geneva, London and Augsburg in oval, octagonal, cruciform, skull and other 'form' cases of rock crystal, gilt brass, silver and enamel. They were jewellery and status objects as much as timekeepers.
What to look for
- A single hour hand and often a touch-pin hour ring for feeling the time.
- Stackfreed (a cam and spring) instead of a fusee on German watches.
- Pierced and engraved cocks over the balance, fine gut fusee lines.
- Rock-crystal, enamelled or engraved form cases.
Dating clues
- Drum-shaped German watches: c. 1530–1580.
- Oval and form watches: c. 1580–1650.
- Before c. 1675 there is no balance spring; watches can vary by many minutes a day.
General guidance written by the Atlas editors about this kind of object. It is not a statement about this particular piece; for that, rely on the source record above and on physical examination.
Read next:FoliotThe Melanchthon watch
Related records
Pocket Watches · 1600–1610
Gilt-Brass Cased Verge Clock-Watch with Alarm and One-at-the Hour Passing Strike
British Museum
Pocket Watches · 17th century
Watch by John Bushman, England, 17th century
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
Pocket Watches · c. 1610-1620
Case and dial of engraved silver and gilt brass. English, about 1640.
Victoria and Albert Museum, London
Pocket Watches · c. 1610
Watch by N. Ridgdale, England, c. 1610
Victoria and Albert Museum, London
Pocket Watches · c. 1620–25
Watch by Isaac Symms, England, c. 1620–25
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
Pocket Watches · 1622–1628
Pocket watch by James Vautrollier, England, 1622–1628
Science Museum Group, London
Pocket Watches · 1625
Pocket watch by David Ramsay, England, 1625
Science Museum Group, London
Pocket Watches · c. 1635
Jewellery, England
Victoria and Albert Museum, London
