Clocks · Longcase clock
Floral marquetry grandfather clock by Thomas Bridge, London, c. 1690
- Maker / attribution
- Thomas Bridge (maker)
- Date
- c. 1690
- Historical period
- Early Modern Horology (1600 – 1750)
- Country of origin
- England
- Place
- London
- Object type
- Longcase clock
- Materials / technique
- walnut, marquetry
- Dimensions
- Height 6 ft 8 in (203 cm)
- Stock no.
- Product 156
- Credit line
- Dealer listing, P A Oxley (product 156)
- Catalogue title (original)
- Floral Marquetry Grandfather Clock by Thomas Bridge of London (English)
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Record summary
Catalogued by P A Oxley (dealer), Wiltshire (stock number Product 156), this is a longcase clock by Thomas Bridge, made in London, England, dated c. 1690. The Atlas places it in the Early Modern Horology period (1600 – 1750) of its Clocks collection. Materials and techniques recorded by the source: walnut, marquetry. Recorded dimensions: Height 6 ft 8 in (203 cm). The record is illustrated with 4 photographs.
Assembled from the source record's structured fields. Dates and attributions are given as the source states them; where a field is missing the Atlas leaves it blank rather than estimating.
Catalogue description
Dealer description — P A Oxley
An excellent 17th century floral marquetry antique longcase clock. The 8 day duration movement with count wheel hourly strike on a bell. The 11" square brass dial with well cut blued steel hands, silvered brass chapter ring and matted centre with an engraving of The Three Crowns surrounding the date aperture. Also showing seconds, ringed winding holes and brass spandrels to each corner. The walnut case with finely cut panelled floral marquetry inhabited with birds and decorated with flowers and foliage to the trunk door and with glass lenticle. The base also with floral marquetry and standing on bun feet. The hood with original slide forwards facility, marquetry inlaid glazed door and barley twist columns. The flat top above a blind sound fret. An exceptional example of late 17th century clockmaking. Note: The case of this clock features the rare use of Purpleheart inlay. Normally only used as inlay on boxes and intricate inlay on furniture. Maker Thomas Bridge of London
Historical context
Early Modern Horology (1600 – 1750)
Huygens' pendulum and balance spring transform accuracy; English makers develop the anchor and deadbeat escapements.
Huygens's pendulum (1656–57) improved clock accuracy from about a quarter of an hour to under a minute a day. The anchor escapement (c. 1670) and the long seconds pendulum created the longcase clock; London makers such as Fromanteel, Knibb, Tompion and Quare led European clockmaking, and French makers created the Boulle pendule.
Read the period in the timelineMore clocks from this periodEarlier: Renaissance Horology
Atlas type guide
Longcase (tall-case or grandfather) clocks
The longcase clock was born from two seventeenth-century innovations: Christiaan Huygens's pendulum (1656–57) and the anchor escapement (c. 1670). A long seconds pendulum, nearly a metre long, swings with a small arc, and enclosing it together with the driving weights in a tall wooden case protected the mechanism and created a new piece of furniture. London makers such as Ahasuerus Fromanteel, Thomas Tompion and Joseph Knibb set the pattern.
By the eighteenth century longcase clocks were made throughout Britain, the Netherlands, Scandinavia (the Swedish Mora clock), France (the Comtoise from the Franche-Comté), Germany and colonial America. Eight-day movements with two weights became standard in better clocks; thirty-hour clocks with one weight and a rope or chain were cheaper alternatives.
What to look for
- Winding holes in the dial: two (eight-day, going and striking) or none (thirty-hour, pulled up by a chain).
- Brass dials with applied chapter rings (earlier) versus painted iron 'white' dials (after c. 1770 in Britain).
- Moon-phase arches, date apertures, seconds dials and maker's name on the dial.
- Case woods and style: ebonised, walnut marquetry, lacquer, oak or mahogany; regional styles from London, Lancashire, Scotland or America.
- Whether the movement and dial match the case — 'marriages' are common.
Dating clues
- Square brass dials suggest c. 1670–1720; arched brass dials c. 1715–1790.
- Painted (white) dials were made by Birmingham dial-makers from about 1772.
- Comtoise clocks with repoussé pendulums are mostly nineteenth century.
General guidance written by the Atlas editors about this kind of object. It is not a statement about this particular piece; for that, rely on the source record above and on physical examination.
Read next:Anchor (recoil) escapementDeadbeat escapementAnchor escapement
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