Clocks · Table clock
Table clock by Conrad Heckel, Austria, 1700–1800
- Maker / attribution
- Conrad Heckel (maker)
- Date
- 1700–1800
- Historical period
- Early Modern Horology (1600 – 1750)
- Country of origin
- Austria
- Place
- Vienna
- Object type
- Table clock
- Materials / technique
- Gilt brass, silver with leather case
- Dimensions
- Height: 3.5 in; Width: 4.5 in
- Holding institution
- Victoria and Albert Museum, London
- Accession / object no.
- M.10:1, 2-1940
- Credit line
- The clock was given by Constance Goetze, widow of Sigismund Goetze (1866-1939) in memory of her husband in 1940.
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Record summary
Held and catalogued by Victoria and Albert Museum, London (object number M.10:1, 2-1940), this is a table clock by Conrad Heckel, made in Vienna, Austria, dated 1700–1800. The Atlas places it in the Early Modern Horology period (1600 – 1750) of its Clocks collection. Materials and techniques recorded by the source: Gilt brass, silver with leather case. Recorded dimensions: Height: 3.5 in; Width: 4.5 in. The record is illustrated with 2 photographs.
Assembled from the source record's structured fields. Dates and attributions are given as the source states them; where a field is missing the Atlas leaves it blank rather than estimating.
Catalogue description
Summary — Victoria and Albert Museum
A gilt brass table clock with a silver dial signed by Conrad Heckel, Vienna. Late 18th or early 19th century.
Physical description — Victoria and Albert Museum
Table clock with gilt brass and copper case with silver dial signed by Conrad Heckel, Vienna with leather case.
Brief description — Victoria and Albert Museum
Table clock, gilt brass with silver dial signed by Conrad Heckel, Vienna with leather case
Inscriptions & marks
Conrad Heckel Vienna
Provenance
The clock was given by Constance Goetze, widow of Sigismund Goetze (1866-1939) in memory of her husband in 1940. The gift included a pewter tankard, two pricket candlesticks and another mid 15th century Burgundian clock which has been on loan to the British Museum since the 1960s.
Historical context
Early Modern Horology (1600 – 1750)
Huygens' pendulum and balance spring transform accuracy; English makers develop the anchor and deadbeat escapements.
Huygens's pendulum (1656–57) improved clock accuracy from about a quarter of an hour to under a minute a day. The anchor escapement (c. 1670) and the long seconds pendulum created the longcase clock; London makers such as Fromanteel, Knibb, Tompion and Quare led European clockmaking, and French makers created the Boulle pendule.
Read the period in the timelineMore clocks from this periodEarlier: Renaissance Horology
Atlas type guide
Bracket, table and spring-driven clocks
Spring-driven clocks freed timekeeping from the hanging weight. The coiled mainspring, documented from the fifteenth century, made portable table clocks possible; to even out its declining force, makers used the fusee, a conical pulley connected to the barrel by a gut line or chain. Renaissance table clocks from Augsburg and Nuremberg — drum-shaped, square or tower-shaped in gilt brass — were luxury scientific objects, often with astronomical dials and alarms.
After the pendulum, English makers developed the bracket clock: a wooden case with a carrying handle, a short pendulum with a verge escapement, and often repeating work to sound the hours on demand at night. Later examples use the anchor escapement. In the nineteenth century, 'table clock' became a broad term for spring clocks of every nationality.
What to look for
- A fusee in the movement (cone-shaped pulley) and the type of line — gut or chain.
- Verge escapement with a short bob pendulum, often with a decoratively engraved backplate.
- Repeat cords or buttons that make the clock strike again on demand.
- Gilt-brass engraved cases and horizontal dials on Renaissance pieces.
- Case shapes: inverted bell, bell top, break-arch, lancet or balloon.
Dating clues
- Drum and tower table clocks: c. 1520–1650.
- Ebony veneered English bracket clocks with verge escapements: c. 1670–1800.
- Engraved backplates were usual on English clocks until c. 1800, then generally plain.
General guidance written by the Atlas editors about this kind of object. It is not a statement about this particular piece; for that, rely on the source record above and on physical examination.
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