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Clocks · Longcase clock

Scottish longcase clock by Skirving, Edinburgh, c. 1780

DocumentedDocumented from a dealer's listing; attribution and date as stated by the dealer.
Maker / attribution
Skirving (maker)
Date
c. 1780
Country of origin
Scotland
Place
Edinburgh
Object type
Longcase clock
Materials / technique
mahogany
Dimensions
Height 7 ft 6 in (229 cm)
Stock no.
Product 526
Credit line
Dealer listing, P A Oxley (product 526)
Catalogue title (original)
Scottish longcase clock by Skirving of Edinburgh (English)

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Record summary

Catalogued by P A Oxley (dealer), Wiltshire (stock number Product 526), this is a longcase clock by Skirving, made in Edinburgh, Scotland, dated c. 1780. The Atlas places it in the Precision & Scientific Horology period (1750 – 1850) of its Clocks collection. Materials and techniques recorded by the source: mahogany. Recorded dimensions: Height 7 ft 6 in (229 cm). The record is illustrated with 6 photographs.

Assembled from the source record's structured fields. Dates and attributions are given as the source states them; where a field is missing the Atlas leaves it blank rather than estimating.

Catalogue description

Dealer description — P A Oxley

New Arrival - January 2022 A quite exceptional Georgian longcase clock by this prolific Edinburgh Clockmaker. The movement is of 8 day duration and strikes the hours on a bell. The arched, silvered and brass dial has Roman numerals, Arabic minutes, seconds and a rare centre date feature. The makers name and place of work is engraved on a silvered brass cartouche to the arch of the dial and framed with finely chased brass spandrels depciting sea creatures. The centre of the dial with elaborate scrolls, foliage, flowers and a mythical Griffin above the number VI. Also with blued steel hands and a brass pointer displaying the date of the month. The corners are also decorated with applied spandrels. The exceptional cabinet work displays a superb flame veneered trunk door of exquisite colour. This is flanked by reeded quarter columns finishing with solid mahogany capitals. The base is similarly veneered with and standing on small bracket feet. The hood also displays reeded pillars terminating with brass Doric capitals to the base and elaborate Corinthian capitals to the top of each column. The typical swan neck pediment is finished with a central brass finial, brass paterea, unusual birds eye maple veneered blind sound frets and inspection windows to the sides. An extremely high quality example which are now becoming increasingly difficult to obtain. Note: The combination of the elegant cabinetwork, the beautifully faded flame mahogany veneers and the full brass dial results in an extremely desirable longcase clock made during the latter part of the 18th century in the City of Edinburgh. John Skirving was a prolific Clockmaker and is known to have made a number of unusual clocks and watches.

Historical context

Precision & Scientific Horology (1750 – 1850)

Harrison solves longitude; Mudge invents the lever; Breguet's Paris workshop defines the modern watch.

The age of the deadbeat escapement, compensated pendulums and observatory regulators. Domestic clocks spread through the middle classes: English longcase and bracket clocks, French gilt-bronze mantel clocks, Viennese Biedermeier wall clocks, Black Forest painted-shield clocks, and the first American shelf clocks.

Read the period in the timelineMore clocks from this periodEarlier: Early Modern Horology

Atlas type guide

Longcase (tall-case or grandfather) clocks

The longcase clock was born from two seventeenth-century innovations: Christiaan Huygens's pendulum (1656–57) and the anchor escapement (c. 1670). A long seconds pendulum, nearly a metre long, swings with a small arc, and enclosing it together with the driving weights in a tall wooden case protected the mechanism and created a new piece of furniture. London makers such as Ahasuerus Fromanteel, Thomas Tompion and Joseph Knibb set the pattern.

By the eighteenth century longcase clocks were made throughout Britain, the Netherlands, Scandinavia (the Swedish Mora clock), France (the Comtoise from the Franche-Comté), Germany and colonial America. Eight-day movements with two weights became standard in better clocks; thirty-hour clocks with one weight and a rope or chain were cheaper alternatives.

What to look for

  • Winding holes in the dial: two (eight-day, going and striking) or none (thirty-hour, pulled up by a chain).
  • Brass dials with applied chapter rings (earlier) versus painted iron 'white' dials (after c. 1770 in Britain).
  • Moon-phase arches, date apertures, seconds dials and maker's name on the dial.
  • Case woods and style: ebonised, walnut marquetry, lacquer, oak or mahogany; regional styles from London, Lancashire, Scotland or America.
  • Whether the movement and dial match the case — 'marriages' are common.

Dating clues

  • Square brass dials suggest c. 1670–1720; arched brass dials c. 1715–1790.
  • Painted (white) dials were made by Birmingham dial-makers from about 1772.
  • Comtoise clocks with repoussé pendulums are mostly nineteenth century.

General guidance written by the Atlas editors about this kind of object. It is not a statement about this particular piece; for that, rely on the source record above and on physical examination.

Read next:Anchor (recoil) escapementDeadbeat escapementAnchor escapement

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