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Clocks · Longcase clock

Regulator grandmother clock by Gillett & Johnston, c. 1920

DocumentedDocumented from a dealer's listing; attribution and date as stated by the dealer.
Maker / attribution
Gillett & Johnston (maker)
Date
c. 1920
Country of origin
Unrecorded in source
Object type
Longcase clock
Materials / technique
mahogany
Dimensions
Height 6 ft 0 in (183 cm)
Stock no.
Product 117
Credit line
Dealer listing, P A Oxley (product 117)
Catalogue title (original)
Regulator Grandmother Clock by Gillett & Johnston (English)

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Record summary

Catalogued by P A Oxley (dealer), Wiltshire (stock number Product 117), this is a longcase clock by Gillett & Johnston, dated c. 1920. The Atlas places it in the Golden Age of Mechanical Watchmaking period (1900 – 1945) of its Clocks collection. Materials and techniques recorded by the source: mahogany. Recorded dimensions: Height 6 ft 0 in (183 cm). The record is illustrated with 6 photographs.

Assembled from the source record's structured fields. Dates and attributions are given as the source states them; where a field is missing the Atlas leaves it blank rather than estimating.

Catalogue description

Dealer description — P A Oxley

A very high quality and rare weight driven English grandmother clock by these well known makers. The two train 8 day duration weight driven movement strikes the quarters and hours on five rods with the tune of Westminster on the quarters. The substantial regulator movement has deadbeat escapement, maintaining power, thick brass plates and large plate pillars. There is a very small brass weight for the going train and a very large brass weight for the striking train. The pendulum is hung from the back cock using a separate suspension which is hooked onto the cast iron rod. The lozenge shaped pendulum bob is typical of Gillett & Johnston. The engraved silvered brass square dial has Roman hours, elaborate blued steel hands and a strike/silent facility above the number XII. The retailers name of H. Pearce & Sons, Huddersfield is displayed to the centre of the dial. The small solid mahogany case is of excellent proportions with a lockable full length trunk door, brass paterea and canted corners to the side. The base has a single plinth and a plain panel. The hood also has canted corners, a flat top and inspection windows to each side. A rare example. Note: The movement is stamped with Patent No: 25242/20. This was applied for in 1920. The ingenious mechanism used allows just two weights to be used rather than three for the quarter striking feature. Gillett & Johnston are still trading in Croydon. They specialised in Turret clocks and public clocks. They also supplied bells from their own Foundry. We have sold two similar clocks by these makers in the past. In over 40 years of dealing with antique clocks we have only dealt with a very small number of these high quality weight driven English Grandmother clocks. Maker Gillett & Johnston

Historical context

Golden Age of Mechanical Watchmaking (1900 – 1945)

The wristwatch displaces the pocket watch; waterproof cases, self-winding and grand complications.

Between 1900 and 1945 clocks were electrified: master-clock systems ran factories and offices, synchronous mains clocks entered homes, and the Shortt free-pendulum clock set new standards of accuracy before the first quartz clocks (1927). Art Deco design reshaped mantel and table clocks.

Read the period in the timelineMore clocks from this periodEarlier: Industrial Revolution

Atlas type guide

Longcase (tall-case or grandfather) clocks

The longcase clock was born from two seventeenth-century innovations: Christiaan Huygens's pendulum (1656–57) and the anchor escapement (c. 1670). A long seconds pendulum, nearly a metre long, swings with a small arc, and enclosing it together with the driving weights in a tall wooden case protected the mechanism and created a new piece of furniture. London makers such as Ahasuerus Fromanteel, Thomas Tompion and Joseph Knibb set the pattern.

By the eighteenth century longcase clocks were made throughout Britain, the Netherlands, Scandinavia (the Swedish Mora clock), France (the Comtoise from the Franche-Comté), Germany and colonial America. Eight-day movements with two weights became standard in better clocks; thirty-hour clocks with one weight and a rope or chain were cheaper alternatives.

What to look for

  • Winding holes in the dial: two (eight-day, going and striking) or none (thirty-hour, pulled up by a chain).
  • Brass dials with applied chapter rings (earlier) versus painted iron 'white' dials (after c. 1770 in Britain).
  • Moon-phase arches, date apertures, seconds dials and maker's name on the dial.
  • Case woods and style: ebonised, walnut marquetry, lacquer, oak or mahogany; regional styles from London, Lancashire, Scotland or America.
  • Whether the movement and dial match the case — 'marriages' are common.

Dating clues

  • Square brass dials suggest c. 1670–1720; arched brass dials c. 1715–1790.
  • Painted (white) dials were made by Birmingham dial-makers from about 1772.
  • Comtoise clocks with repoussé pendulums are mostly nineteenth century.

General guidance written by the Atlas editors about this kind of object. It is not a statement about this particular piece; for that, rely on the source record above and on physical examination.

Read next:Anchor (recoil) escapementAnchor escapement

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