Clocks · Regulator clock
Regulator Clock - Morrell, Melbourne, 1850
- Maker / attribution
- Morrell (Maker)
- Date
- 1850
- Historical period
- Industrial Revolution (1850 – 1900)
- Country of origin
- Unrecorded in source
- Place
- Melbourne, Greater Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Object type
- Regulator clock
- Dimensions
- 150 cm (Height)
- Holding institution
- Museums Victoria, Melbourne
- Accession / object no.
- ST 19371
- Catalogue title (original)
- Regulator Clock - Morrell, Melbourne, 1850 (English)
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Record summary
Held and catalogued by Museums Victoria, Melbourne (object number ST 19371), this is a regulator clock by Morrell, made in Melbourne, Greater Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, dated 1850. The Atlas places it in the Industrial Revolution period (1850 – 1900) of its Clocks collection. Recorded dimensions: 150 cm (Height). The record is illustrated with 1 photograph.
Assembled from the source record's structured fields. Dates and attributions are given as the source states them; where a field is missing the Atlas leaves it blank rather than estimating.
Catalogue description
Summary — Museums Victoria
Regulator clock, Morrell, Melbourne, 1850. The dial has had a previous maker's name hammered out to create a surface the new inscription of 'Regulator, Morrell Australia 1850'. It is therefore possible that the clock was imported from England.
Physical description — Museums Victoria
Round archtop case, glass door in trunk. Round silver-plated separate dials for seconds and hours. Minutes are marked on outer circle. Weight driven; anchor escapement.
Inscriptions & marks
Dial marked 'Regulator, Morrell Australia 1850'.
Provenance
Loan & Subsequent Bequest from Mr John Askew, 04 Oct 1928
Historical context
Industrial Revolution (1850 – 1900)
American interchangeable-parts manufacture; railroad time standards; Swiss and German factory systems.
Factory production transformed the clock into an everyday object. American makers (Seth Thomas, Ansonia, Waterbury) and German factories (Junghans, Gustav Becker, Lenzkirch) sold millions of shelf, wall and alarm clocks worldwide; France produced standardised Paris movements and carriage clocks; electric time distribution began.
Read the period in the timelineMore clocks from this periodEarlier: Precision & Scientific Horology
Atlas type guide
Regulators, wall and Vienna clocks
A regulator is a precision pendulum clock used as a time standard in observatories, workshops and railway offices. Typical features are a deadbeat or Graham escapement, a temperature-compensated pendulum (mercury jar, gridiron or later invar), maintaining power and a regulator dial that separates hours, minutes and seconds. George Graham's deadbeat escapement (c. 1715) and his mercury pendulum, together with Harrison's gridiron, set the pattern for two centuries.
Wall clocks span a much wider range: the elegant Viennese Laterndluhr and Dachluhr of the Biedermeier period, the Dutch stoelklok and staartklok, English 'dial' clocks used in schools, offices and railway stations, and mass-produced spring and weight wall clocks from Germany (Gustav Becker, Junghans, Kienzle) and America.
What to look for
- Deadbeat escapement and compensated pendulum (gridiron rods, mercury jar or wood rod).
- A regulator dial with a large central minute hand and separate hour and seconds dials.
- Vienna regulators: glazed cases, slender pendulum, small weights, enamel two-piece dials.
- German factory trademarks stamped on the backplate (e.g. Gustav Becker anchor and crown, Junghans star).
Dating clues
- Graham-type deadbeat regulators: from c. 1720.
- Viennese Laterndluhr: c. 1800–1850.
- German factory 'Vienna-style' regulators: c. 1870–1930; Gustav Becker serial numbers allow close dating.
General guidance written by the Atlas editors about this kind of object. It is not a statement about this particular piece; for that, rely on the source record above and on physical examination.
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