
Instruments · Marine chronometer
Marine chronometer by J.R. Losada, 105 Regent Street, London, c. 1880
- Maker / attribution
- J.R. Losada (maker)
- Date
- c. 1880
- Historical period
- Industrial Revolution (1850 – 1900)
- Country of origin
- England
- Place
- 105 Regent Street, London
- Object type
- Marine chronometer
- Dimensions
- Height 22 cm
- Stock no.
- SKU 379
- Credit line
- Dealer listing, Howard Walwyn (SKU 379)
- Catalogue title (original)
- J.R. LOSADA, N° 3783. A fine 8-day marine chronometer by this famous Spanish clockmaker. (English)
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Record summary
Catalogued by Howard Walwyn Fine Antique Clocks (dealer), London (stock number SKU 379), this is a marine chronometer by J.R. Losada, made in 105 Regent Street, London, England, dated c. 1880. The Atlas places it in the Industrial Revolution period (1850 – 1900) of its Instruments collection. Recorded dimensions: Height 22 cm. The record is illustrated with 4 photographs.
Assembled from the source record's structured fields. Dates and attributions are given as the source states them; where a field is missing the Atlas leaves it blank rather than estimating.
Catalogue description
Dealer description — Howard Walwyn
A fine 8-day marine chronometer by this famous Spanish clockmaker working in London. The three-tier brass mounted mahogany case has two recessed handles and a rectangular bone plaque with the maker’s name and address with the chronometer number 3783. The hinged lid has a glazed observation panel, the brass gimbals with locking lever, and numbered brass bowl with cast convex brass bezel. The 5 inch silvered circular dial has original gold spade hands, 8-day power reserve and subsidiary seconds. It is signed J.R. Losada 105 Regent Street, London. 3783 . The signed and numbered movement has chain fusee and maintaining power, spotted plates, bi-metallic balance with additional compensation, a blued steel helical spring with diamond endstone, an Earnshaw-type spring detent escapement and an engraved brass winding key. Height : 8 ⅝ in (22 cm) Width : 8 ⅛ in (20.5 cm) Depth : 8 ⅛ in (20.5 cm) * Jose R de Losada is listed on page 492 in Brian Loomes’ Clockmakers of the World: 21 st Century Edition . This pre-eminent chronometer maker worked “By appointment to several Royal courts” and specialised in selling to Spanish speaking markets. He is quoted by Rupert T. Gould R.N. in his famous book The Marine Chronometer: Its History and Development on page 104 “In 1864, as the result of a competitive trial, there were purchased 38 chronometers made by J.R. de Losada (a Spanish maker resident in London, where he acquired a considerable reputation).” Jose Rodriguez de Losada was born in Spain and at one stage was attached to the court of Madrid. He then emigrated to England where he worked initially for James Moore French. He made movements for Kullberg and James Poole and continued to make chronometers and clocks for the Spanish government and the Royal Observatory at Cadiz and had a number of high honours conferred on him by Queen Isabella II. HW6239
Historical context
Industrial Revolution (1850 – 1900)
American interchangeable-parts manufacture; railroad time standards; Swiss and German factory systems.
Instruments spread into industry, science and sport: stopwatches, chronoscopes, metronomes, watchmen's clocks and time recorders.
Read the period in the timelineMore instruments from this periodEarlier: Precision & Scientific Horology
Atlas type guide
Marine chronometers
A marine chronometer is a precision timekeeper carried at sea to find longitude: the navigator compares local noon, observed with a sextant, with the time at a reference meridian kept by the chronometer. Each hour of difference corresponds to fifteen degrees of longitude. John Harrison proved the method in the 1760s; Pierre Le Roy, Ferdinand Berthoud, John Arnold and Thomas Earnshaw then developed the detent escapement and the compensation balance that made chronometers practical to manufacture.
By the nineteenth century London, Liverpool, Le Locle and Glashütte supplied navies and merchant fleets. A typical box chronometer has a spring-detent escapement, a fusee to equalise mainspring torque, a bimetallic compensation balance with a helical balance spring, and is mounted in gimbals inside a wooden box so that it stays level.
What to look for
- Gimbals and a three-tier wooden box with a glazed inner lid.
- A power-reserve ('up and down') indicator on the dial, usually showing 56 hours on two-day instruments.
- Spring-detent escapement and a cylindrical (helical) balance spring visible through the movement.
- Admiralty or navy marks (broad arrow), and rating certificates from observatories.
- The maker's number on the dial and movement; many makers' registers survive, allowing dating.
Dating clues
- Earnshaw-type spring-detent chronometers became standard after about 1800.
- Auxiliary compensation devices on the balance appear from the mid-nineteenth century.
- Quartz and radio time signals ended routine use of mechanical chronometers in the 1970s and 1980s.
General guidance written by the Atlas editors about this kind of object. It is not a statement about this particular piece; for that, rely on the source record above and on physical examination.
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