
Pocket Watches · Form watch
Gilt-brass and silver cased verge watch in the form of a scallop shell
- Maker / attribution
- Jo Willowe (Made by)
- Date
- 1625–1635
- Historical period
- Early Modern Horology (1600 – 1750)
- Country of origin
- England
- Place
- London (England)
- Object type
- Form watch
- Materials / technique
- silver, brass, gold
- Dimensions
- Length: 50 millimetres (case) Weight: 51 grammes Width: 35.10 millimetres
- Holding institution
- British Museum
- Accession / object no.
- 1888,1201.204
- Credit line
- British Museum, London
- Catalogue title (original)
- Gilt-brass and silver cased verge watch in the form of a scallop shell (English)
View the source record ↗ (opens another website in a new tab)Suggest a correction
Record summary
Held and catalogued by British Museum (object number 1888,1201.204), this is a form watch by Jo Willowe, made in London (England), dated 1625–1635. The Atlas places it in the Early Modern Horology period (1600 – 1750) of its Pocket Watches collection. Materials and techniques recorded by the source: silver, brass, gold. Recorded dimensions: Length: 50 millimetres (case) Weight: 51 grammes Width: 35.10 millimetres. The record is illustrated with 4 photographs.
Assembled from the source record's structured fields. Dates and attributions are given as the source states them; where a field is missing the Atlas leaves it blank rather than estimating.
Catalogue description
Description — British Museum
Movement frame: Shell-shaped gilt-brass plates with four baluster pillars. A potence-hole in the pillar-plate. Riveted potence with engraved decoration on the visible side. Riveted counter potence not original. A border of beading around the potence-plate. Engraved decoration around the verge aperture. Mainspring & set-up: Gilt-brass barrel, probably replacement, with snap-in cap and riveted steel hook. A single hole for line attachment. There is now no gilding on the barrel wall. All the components of the ratchet and click set-up have been replaced. Fusee & stop-work: Gilt-brass fusee for gut line and with standard stop-work. Train: Three wheel train, the gilt-brass wheels with three crossings. Escapement & balance: Verge escapement, the balance and verge replaced. The crown wheel possibly replaced. Pinned-on balance cock pierced and engraved with foliate scrolls. The rear part of the foot now missing. Motion work/duration: Pinion of report: 4 Dial wheel: 36 Turns on fusee: 11 Duration: 14.6 hours approx. Dial & hand: Shaped silver dial engraved around the outside with scrolling foliage. At the top a winged cherub's head and at the bottom, engraved fruits around the case catch. Applied gilt-brass chapter ring with Roman hours I-XII surrounding a half-hour circle. With the chapter ring the dial is engraved with a depiction of Christ and the Woman of Samaria ? Blued-steel hand not original. Case catch missing. : : CASE: Gilt-brass and silver case in the form of a scallop-shell. The gilt-brass band was originally covered with and applied silver band probably engraved with foliate scrolls etc. The band has since been gilded but the filed off rivets can still been seen either side of the pendant. Hinged silver lid and back with a fluted design of radiating beading. An engraved wreath on the inside of the lid and back. In the top of the band are four recesses for the lugs in the edge of the dial. Cast gilt-brass pendant with loose ring. Turned finial.
Curator's comments — British Museum
This watch is believed to have been formerly owned by Robert 8th Lord Seton, Earl of Winton, see below: "As far back as the year 1838, at the sale of the collection of antiquities formed by the well-known Dr. M'Cleish of Mary- field, in the rooms of Maclachlan and Stewart, South Bridge, Edinburgh, I purchased ' Lord Winton's watch,'… enclosed in two pretty silver scalloped shells, about the size of a half-crown piece, as shown in the illustration. On the face is engraved a figure of our Saviour, seated beside a female, perhaps intended to represent the woman of Samaria. The name of the maker is ' Jo. Willowe In Fleet Street.' I afterwards foolishly sold it to Mr. Robert Bryson, watchmaker, Edinburgh, who in his turn disposed of it to Mr. C. O. Morgan, M.P., by whom it was bequeathed, a few years ago, to the British Museum, along with a valuable and extensive collection of clocks and watches, in which, Mr. Morgan informed me, the Winton watch constituted an ' important link.' " Above excerpt from 'A history of the family of Seton during eight centuries' by George Seton, Advocate MA.Oxon, Volume I, Edinburgh, privately printed by T. and A. Constable, printers to her majesty. 1896. (LCT) For a very similar case see Nathan Rupp collection cat.no.111.
Inscriptions & marks
signature; Jo: Willowe In Fleetstreet [potence-plate]
Provenance
Bequeathed by:, Octavius Morgan
Historical context
Early Modern Horology (1600 – 1750)
Huygens' pendulum and balance spring transform accuracy; English makers develop the anchor and deadbeat escapements.
The balance spring (c. 1675) improved watches dramatically and introduced the minute hand. English pair-cased verge watches with pierced balance cocks and French oignons were typical; enamel painting at Blois and Geneva, and the repeating watch (1680s), made watches objects of great refinement.
Read the period in the timelineMore pocket watches from this periodEarlier: Renaissance Horology
Atlas type guide
Early spring-driven watches
Portable spring-driven timepieces appeared in southern Germany, France and Italy in the early sixteenth century; Peter Henlein of Nuremberg is traditionally credited, although the historical record is complex. These early watches were worn as pendants or carried, had iron or brass movements with a verge escapement and a foliot or small balance, and used a stackfreed or fusee to equalise spring force. They indicated hours only and were notoriously inaccurate.
From the later sixteenth century watches were made in Blois, Paris, Geneva, London and Augsburg in oval, octagonal, cruciform, skull and other 'form' cases of rock crystal, gilt brass, silver and enamel. They were jewellery and status objects as much as timekeepers.
What to look for
- A single hour hand and often a touch-pin hour ring for feeling the time.
- Stackfreed (a cam and spring) instead of a fusee on German watches.
- Pierced and engraved cocks over the balance, fine gut fusee lines.
- Rock-crystal, enamelled or engraved form cases.
Dating clues
- Drum-shaped German watches: c. 1530–1580.
- Oval and form watches: c. 1580–1650.
- Before c. 1675 there is no balance spring; watches can vary by many minutes a day.
General guidance written by the Atlas editors about this kind of object. It is not a statement about this particular piece; for that, rely on the source record above and on physical examination.
Read next:FoliotThe Melanchthon watch
Related records
Pocket Watches · 17th century
Watch by John Bushman, England, 17th century
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
Pocket Watches · c. 1610-1620
Case and dial of engraved silver and gilt brass. English, about 1640.
Victoria and Albert Museum, London
Pocket Watches · c. 1610
Watch by N. Ridgdale, England, c. 1610
Victoria and Albert Museum, London
Pocket Watches · c. 1620–25
Watch by Isaac Symms, England, c. 1620–25
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
Pocket Watches · 1622–1628
Pocket watch by James Vautrollier, England, 1622–1628
Science Museum Group, London
Pocket Watches · 1625
Pocket watch by David Ramsay, England, 1625
Science Museum Group, London
Pocket Watches · c. 1635
Jewellery, England
Victoria and Albert Museum, London
Pocket Watches · 1630
Pocket watch by G Petit, England, 1630
Science Museum Group, London
