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Bracket clock by J. Windmills, London, c. 1695 — view 1 of 6
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Clocks · Bracket clock

Bracket clock by J. Windmills, London, c. 1695

DocumentedDocumented from a dealer's listing; attribution and date as stated by the dealer.
Maker / attribution
J. Windmills (maker)
Date
c. 1695
Country of origin
England
Place
London
Object type
Bracket clock
Materials / technique
silver, walnut
Dimensions
Height 37 cm
Stock no.
SKU 570
Credit line
Dealer listing, Howard Walwyn (SKU 570)
Catalogue title (original)
J. WINDMILLS. A rare William III period silver mounted walnut bracket clock. (English)

View the source record (dealer listing) ↗ (opens another website in a new tab)Suggest a correction

Record summary

Catalogued by Howard Walwyn Fine Antique Clocks (dealer), London (stock number SKU 570), this is a bracket clock by J. Windmills, made in London, England, dated c. 1695. The Atlas places it in the Early Modern Horology period (1600 – 1750) of its Clocks collection. Materials and techniques recorded by the source: silver, walnut. Recorded dimensions: Height 37 cm. The record is illustrated with 6 photographs.

Assembled from the source record's structured fields. Dates and attributions are given as the source states them; where a field is missing the Atlas leaves it blank rather than estimating.

Catalogue description

Dealer description — Howard Walwyn

A rare William III period silver mounted walnut bracket clock by this famous maker. The 8-day verge movement strikes the hours on a bell and has pull quarter repeat work on four bells. The attractive 7-inch brass dial has four gilt-brass winged cherub’s head corner spandrels, a finely matted centre with an inset ‘faux’ pendulum aperture showing the maker’s name. There is a Strike/Silent lever above 12 o’clock. The backplate is beautifully engraved with the maker’s signature J. Windmills London in a cartouche set below scrolling foliage. The quality of the engraving of both the dial and backplate is excellent. The substantial high quality movement fills the whole case and has very ornate external stop work. The classic dome-topped case has highly figured walnut veneers and cross grain mouldings with original applied repoussé silver mounts to the front door stiles and a solid silver s-scroll carrying handle. It stands on four turned wooden bun feet, which appear to be original. Height : 14 ½ in (37 cm) Width: 10 ½ in (26.5 cm) Depth: 7 in (18 cm) *Joseph Windmills was made a Free Brother in the Clockmakers’ Company in September 1671. He was a prolific maker with large workshops and numerous apprentices after 1687 in Tower Street. He was Warden of the Clockmakers’ Company in 1699 and became Master in 1702. By 1714 he had gone into partnership with his son Thomas and today there are clocks by Joseph and Thomas in many important collections. Early walnut bracket clocks of this intrinsic quality and aesthetic appeal by famous makers are increasingly rare and hard to find. It is interesting to note that there is not a single example of another walnut bracket clock in the book devoted to the work of Joseph and Thomas Windmills. We had the almost identical movement and case about 20 years ago with brass rather than silver mounts and handle. Further reading : J.A. Neale, Joseph and Thomas Windmills , The Antiquarian Horological Society 1999 Brian Loomes, The Early Clockmakers of Great Britain , N.A.G. Press 1981, p.585 HW6609

Historical context

Early Modern Horology (1600 – 1750)

Huygens' pendulum and balance spring transform accuracy; English makers develop the anchor and deadbeat escapements.

Huygens's pendulum (1656–57) improved clock accuracy from about a quarter of an hour to under a minute a day. The anchor escapement (c. 1670) and the long seconds pendulum created the longcase clock; London makers such as Fromanteel, Knibb, Tompion and Quare led European clockmaking, and French makers created the Boulle pendule.

Read the period in the timelineMore clocks from this periodEarlier: Renaissance Horology

Atlas type guide

Bracket, table and spring-driven clocks

Spring-driven clocks freed timekeeping from the hanging weight. The coiled mainspring, documented from the fifteenth century, made portable table clocks possible; to even out its declining force, makers used the fusee, a conical pulley connected to the barrel by a gut line or chain. Renaissance table clocks from Augsburg and Nuremberg — drum-shaped, square or tower-shaped in gilt brass — were luxury scientific objects, often with astronomical dials and alarms.

After the pendulum, English makers developed the bracket clock: a wooden case with a carrying handle, a short pendulum with a verge escapement, and often repeating work to sound the hours on demand at night. Later examples use the anchor escapement. In the nineteenth century, 'table clock' became a broad term for spring clocks of every nationality.

What to look for

  • A fusee in the movement (cone-shaped pulley) and the type of line — gut or chain.
  • Verge escapement with a short bob pendulum, often with a decoratively engraved backplate.
  • Repeat cords or buttons that make the clock strike again on demand.
  • Gilt-brass engraved cases and horizontal dials on Renaissance pieces.
  • Case shapes: inverted bell, bell top, break-arch, lancet or balloon.

Dating clues

  • Drum and tower table clocks: c. 1520–1650.
  • Ebony veneered English bracket clocks with verge escapements: c. 1670–1800.
  • Engraved backplates were usual on English clocks until c. 1800, then generally plain.

General guidance written by the Atlas editors about this kind of object. It is not a statement about this particular piece; for that, rely on the source record above and on physical examination.

Read next:FuseeAnchor (recoil) escapement

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