
Clocks · Bracket clock
Bracket clock by J. Windmills, London, c. 1695
- Maker / attribution
- J. Windmills (maker)
- Date
- c. 1695
- Historical period
- Early Modern Horology (1600 – 1750)
- Country of origin
- England
- Place
- London
- Object type
- Bracket clock
- Materials / technique
- silver, walnut
- Dimensions
- Height 37 cm
- Stock no.
- SKU 570
- Credit line
- Dealer listing, Howard Walwyn (SKU 570)
- Catalogue title (original)
- J. WINDMILLS. A rare William III period silver mounted walnut bracket clock. (English)
View the source record (dealer listing) ↗ (opens another website in a new tab)Suggest a correction
Record summary
Catalogued by Howard Walwyn Fine Antique Clocks (dealer), London (stock number SKU 570), this is a bracket clock by J. Windmills, made in London, England, dated c. 1695. The Atlas places it in the Early Modern Horology period (1600 – 1750) of its Clocks collection. Materials and techniques recorded by the source: silver, walnut. Recorded dimensions: Height 37 cm. The record is illustrated with 6 photographs.
Assembled from the source record's structured fields. Dates and attributions are given as the source states them; where a field is missing the Atlas leaves it blank rather than estimating.
Catalogue description
Dealer description — Howard Walwyn
A rare William III period silver mounted walnut bracket clock by this famous maker. The 8-day verge movement strikes the hours on a bell and has pull quarter repeat work on four bells. The attractive 7-inch brass dial has four gilt-brass winged cherub’s head corner spandrels, a finely matted centre with an inset ‘faux’ pendulum aperture showing the maker’s name. There is a Strike/Silent lever above 12 o’clock. The backplate is beautifully engraved with the maker’s signature J. Windmills London in a cartouche set below scrolling foliage. The quality of the engraving of both the dial and backplate is excellent. The substantial high quality movement fills the whole case and has very ornate external stop work. The classic dome-topped case has highly figured walnut veneers and cross grain mouldings with original applied repoussé silver mounts to the front door stiles and a solid silver s-scroll carrying handle. It stands on four turned wooden bun feet, which appear to be original. Height : 14 ½ in (37 cm) Width: 10 ½ in (26.5 cm) Depth: 7 in (18 cm) *Joseph Windmills was made a Free Brother in the Clockmakers’ Company in September 1671. He was a prolific maker with large workshops and numerous apprentices after 1687 in Tower Street. He was Warden of the Clockmakers’ Company in 1699 and became Master in 1702. By 1714 he had gone into partnership with his son Thomas and today there are clocks by Joseph and Thomas in many important collections. Early walnut bracket clocks of this intrinsic quality and aesthetic appeal by famous makers are increasingly rare and hard to find. It is interesting to note that there is not a single example of another walnut bracket clock in the book devoted to the work of Joseph and Thomas Windmills. We had the almost identical movement and case about 20 years ago with brass rather than silver mounts and handle. Further reading : J.A. Neale, Joseph and Thomas Windmills , The Antiquarian Horological Society 1999 Brian Loomes, The Early Clockmakers of Great Britain , N.A.G. Press 1981, p.585 HW6609
Historical context
Early Modern Horology (1600 – 1750)
Huygens' pendulum and balance spring transform accuracy; English makers develop the anchor and deadbeat escapements.
Huygens's pendulum (1656–57) improved clock accuracy from about a quarter of an hour to under a minute a day. The anchor escapement (c. 1670) and the long seconds pendulum created the longcase clock; London makers such as Fromanteel, Knibb, Tompion and Quare led European clockmaking, and French makers created the Boulle pendule.
Read the period in the timelineMore clocks from this periodEarlier: Renaissance Horology
Atlas type guide
Bracket, table and spring-driven clocks
Spring-driven clocks freed timekeeping from the hanging weight. The coiled mainspring, documented from the fifteenth century, made portable table clocks possible; to even out its declining force, makers used the fusee, a conical pulley connected to the barrel by a gut line or chain. Renaissance table clocks from Augsburg and Nuremberg — drum-shaped, square or tower-shaped in gilt brass — were luxury scientific objects, often with astronomical dials and alarms.
After the pendulum, English makers developed the bracket clock: a wooden case with a carrying handle, a short pendulum with a verge escapement, and often repeating work to sound the hours on demand at night. Later examples use the anchor escapement. In the nineteenth century, 'table clock' became a broad term for spring clocks of every nationality.
What to look for
- A fusee in the movement (cone-shaped pulley) and the type of line — gut or chain.
- Verge escapement with a short bob pendulum, often with a decoratively engraved backplate.
- Repeat cords or buttons that make the clock strike again on demand.
- Gilt-brass engraved cases and horizontal dials on Renaissance pieces.
- Case shapes: inverted bell, bell top, break-arch, lancet or balloon.
Dating clues
- Drum and tower table clocks: c. 1520–1650.
- Ebony veneered English bracket clocks with verge escapements: c. 1670–1800.
- Engraved backplates were usual on English clocks until c. 1800, then generally plain.
General guidance written by the Atlas editors about this kind of object. It is not a statement about this particular piece; for that, rely on the source record above and on physical examination.
Read next:FuseeAnchor (recoil) escapement
Related records
Clocks · 2003 - 2003 2003 - 2003
Table clock by J. Windmills, Sweden, 2003 - 2003 2003 - 2003
Museum of Gothenburg
Clocks · 1598–1603
Circular table-clock with calendrical and lunar indications made by Nicholas Vallin in London between 1598 and 1603.
Science Museum Group, London
Clocks · 1611
English iron lantern clock, with wheel balance, by John Holloway, Market Lavington, Wiltshire, England, 1611.
Science Museum Group, London
Clocks · 1630
Lantern clock by Francis Forman, England, 1630
Science Museum Group, London
Clocks · 1632–1640
Turret clock, England, 1632–1640
Science Museum Group, London
Clocks · 1645–1655
Balance-wheel brass lantern clock, with two driving weights and one counterweight, by Thomas Knifton, Cross Keys, Lothbury, London, England, 1645–1655.
Science Museum Group, London
Clocks · c. 1650
Lantern alarm clock, silver, by David Bouquet, circa 1650
Victoria and Albert Museum, London
Clocks · 1650–1660
Lantern clock by Peter Closon, England, 1650–1660
Science Museum Group, London
