Pocket Watches · Watch
Watch by M. A. Buffelard, France, 1815–1819
- Maker / attribution
- M. A. Buffelard (maker); Abraham-Louis Breguet (Horloger)
- Date
- 1815–1819
- Historical period
- Precision & Scientific Horology (1750 – 1850)
- Country of origin
- France
- Place
- Paris, France
- Object type
- Watch
- Materials / technique
- silver
- Dimensions
- height 4,9 cm; depth 7 cm; diameter 4,2 cm
- Holding institution
- Musée du Louvre, Paris
- Accession / object no.
- OA 10094
- Credit line
- Musée du Louvre, Département des Objets d'art du Moyen Age, de la Renaissance et des temps modernes
- Catalogue title (original)
- Montre à répétition munie d'une chaîne et de sa clef (French)
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Record summary
Held and catalogued by Musée du Louvre, Paris (object number OA 10094), this is a watch by M. A. Buffelard, made in Paris, France, dated 1815–1819. The Atlas places it in the Precision & Scientific Horology period (1750 – 1850) of its Pocket Watches collection. Materials and techniques recorded by the source: silver. Recorded dimensions: height 4,9 cm; depth 7 cm; diameter 4,2 cm. The record is illustrated with 6 photographs.
Assembled from the source record's structured fields. Dates and attributions are given as the source states them; where a field is missing the Atlas leaves it blank rather than estimating.
Catalogue description
Catalogue description — Musée du Louvre (French)
Petite montre plate ronde en or guilloché, cadran d'argent également guilloché. Cuvette signée : N° 3306 \ Breguet \ HOR DE LA MARINE ROYALE Cadran signé : BREGUET ET FILS
Shown in the original language of the source catalogue. An editor-reviewed English translation has not yet been published; we do not publish machine translations as authoritative text.
Dating and period as catalogued (French)
Epoque / période : Restauration (1814-1830) (Occident->époque contemporaine) · · Date de création/fabrication : 1815 - 1819
Shown in the original language of the source catalogue. An editor-reviewed English translation has not yet been published; we do not publish machine translations as authoritative text.
Materials and techniques as catalogued (French)
Technique : techniques métal (orfèvrerie) · Matériau : métal (or, argent, laiton)
Shown in the original language of the source catalogue. An editor-reviewed English translation has not yet been published; we do not publish machine translations as authoritative text.
Inscriptions & marks
Marque de l'atelier : ; T 3671 et B 3306 (Tavernier et numéro de la boîte ; Breguet et numéro du mouvement) ; Poinçon : ; poinçon du fabricant, MAB dans un losange (Buffelard M.A), tête d'enfant avec chiffre 2 (1795-1797) ; 2e coq, 2ème titre, Paris, 1809-1819 ; tête de lion, moyenne garantie, Paris, 1809-1819 ; Signature : ; BREGUET ET FILS (cadran) ; N° 3306 \ Breguet \ HOR DE LA MARINE ROYALE (cuvette)
Provenance
Achat de lady Maitland, 1819 (sir Frederick Lewis Maitland (1779-1839) conduisit Napoléon à Saint-Hélène) ; collection Claudius Côte (1881-1956), Lyon ; legs Mme Marie-Françoise Côte, accepté par décret du 9 juillet 1961
Historical context
Precision & Scientific Horology (1750 – 1850)
Harrison solves longitude; Mudge invents the lever; Breguet's Paris workshop defines the modern watch.
From 1750 to 1850 the watch became a precision instrument. Mudge's lever escapement, the cylinder escapement, Lépine's thin bar calibre, Breguet's innovations (overcoil, tourbillon, perpétuelle) and the pocket chronometer of Arnold and Earnshaw all date from this period, while verge watches remained common in cheaper production.
Read the period in the timelineMore pocket watches from this periodEarlier: Early Modern Horology
Atlas type guide
Repeating watches
Before electric light, telling the time in the dark was a real problem. Repeating watches strike the time on demand when a slide or push-piece is operated: quarter repeaters sound hours and quarters, minute repeaters hours, quarters and minutes. Edward Barlow and Daniel Quare disputed the invention in London in the 1680s. Early repeaters struck on a bell inside the case; Abraham-Louis Breguet introduced the gong (a coiled steel wire) around 1780, allowing thinner watches.
Repeaters require a separate train with racks, snails and a governor to control the striking speed, and are among the most demanding complications to make and adjust. Swiss makers of the Vallée de Joux specialised in repeating ébauches in the nineteenth century.
What to look for
- A slide on the case band or a push-piece through the pendant.
- Gongs encircling the movement (after c. 1780) or a bell in the case (earlier); pierced case for sound.
- The racks, snails and governor visible under the dial or on the movement.
- Terms such as 'Minutes', 'Quarts' or 'Répétition' on the dial or cuvette.
Dating clues
- Bell-striking quarter repeaters: c. 1690–1800.
- Gong repeaters and dumb repeaters (striking on the case): after c. 1780.
- Minute repeaters became more common after c. 1830 with Vallée de Joux ébauches.
General guidance written by the Atlas editors about this kind of object. It is not a statement about this particular piece; for that, rely on the source record above and on physical examination.
Read next:Minute repeater
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