
Pocket Watches · Calendar watch
Silver cased verge watch with date indicator
- Maker / attribution
- Thomas Fenn (Made by)
- Date
- 1660–1670
- Historical period
- Early Modern Horology (1600 – 1750)
- Country of origin
- England
- Place
- London (England) (New Exchange)
- Object type
- Calendar watch
- Materials / technique
- wood, leather, brass, silver
- Dimensions
- Diameter: 49.50 millimetres (inner case) Diameter: 57 millimetres (outer box)
- Holding institution
- British Museum
- Accession / object no.
- 1958,1201.2336
- Credit line
- British Museum, London
- Catalogue title (original)
- Silver cased verge watch with date indicator (English)
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Record summary
Held and catalogued by British Museum (object number 1958,1201.2336), this is a calendar watch by Thomas Fenn, made in London (England) (New Exchange), dated 1660–1670. The Atlas places it in the Early Modern Horology period (1600 – 1750) of its Pocket Watches collection. Materials and techniques recorded by the source: wood, leather, brass, silver. Recorded dimensions: Diameter: 49.50 millimetres (inner case) Diameter: 57 millimetres (outer box). The record is illustrated with 3 photographs.
Assembled from the source record's structured fields. Dates and attributions are given as the source states them; where a field is missing the Atlas leaves it blank rather than estimating.
Catalogue description
Description — British Museum
Movement frame: Circular gilt-brass plates with four pierced Egyptian pillars. A potence-hole in the pillar-plate. Scroll shaped, pierced and engraved riveted potence. Riveted counter-potence. Engraved decoration around the verge aperture. Mainspring & set-up: Gilt-brass barrel with snap-in cap and riveted steel hook. Tangent-screw set-up on the potence-plate, the silver index disc engraved 1-8 and red-waxed. The brass index is a replacement. Fusee & stop-work: Gilt-brass fusee for gut-line with English stop-work, the block with scroll decorations. Train: Three-wheel train, the second and contrate wheels with three crossings. Escapement & balance: Verge escapement with a steel 2-arm balance with ringed rim. Screwed-on balance-cock pierced and engraved with foliate scrolls. Dial & hand: Pinned directly to the pillar-plate is a silver outer ring engraved 1-31 surrounding a revolving gilt-brass ring with a pointer to show the date. Within this a pinned-on chapter-ring with Roman hours I-XII and foliate half-hour marks surrounding a quarter-circle. The central gilt-brass disc is matted and has an engraved rose around the central hole. Single blued-steel hand. The date ring, half-hour marks and quarter-circle are all red-waxed. Cases: Plain silver inner case with hinged bezel, split and glazed. On the back a rotating cover to the winding hole. Silver pendant with loose ring. Outer wooden box, covered with black leather and lined with green velvet, with brass hinge and brass closing hooks.
Inscriptions & marks
signature; Thomas Fenn Neare New Exchang [potence-plate]
Provenance
Previous owner/ex-collection:, Courtenay Adrian Ilbert; Purchased through:, Christie's; Acquired 1958
Historical context
Early Modern Horology (1600 – 1750)
Huygens' pendulum and balance spring transform accuracy; English makers develop the anchor and deadbeat escapements.
The balance spring (c. 1675) improved watches dramatically and introduced the minute hand. English pair-cased verge watches with pierced balance cocks and French oignons were typical; enamel painting at Blois and Geneva, and the repeating watch (1680s), made watches objects of great refinement.
Read the period in the timelineMore pocket watches from this periodEarlier: Renaissance Horology
Atlas type guide
Calendar, moon-phase and perpetual calendar watches
Calendar complications range from a simple date to the perpetual calendar, which automatically allows for months of different lengths and leap years until 2100. Pocket watches with perpetual calendars were made in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries; Patek Philippe made the first perpetual calendar wristwatch in 1925, and series production followed in 1941. The annual calendar (Patek Philippe, 1996) needs correction only once a year.
Moon-phase displays use a disc with two moons and 59 teeth advanced daily, approximating the 29.5-day lunation; more precise trains reduce the error to one day in over a century.
What to look for
- Apertures or subsidiary dials for day, date, month and leap year.
- Moon disc under a 'bosom' shaped aperture.
- Recessed correctors on the case band for setting the calendar.
Dating clues
- Triple-date wristwatches: popular c. 1940–1955.
- Perpetual calendar wristwatches: from 1925 (unique) and 1941 (series).
General guidance written by the Atlas editors about this kind of object. It is not a statement about this particular piece; for that, rely on the source record above and on physical examination.
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