
Clocks · Clock
Clock by Barrard, Edouard Japy Frères, 1851–1900 (second half of the 19th century)
- Maker / attribution
- Barrard, Edouard Japy Freres (Maker)
- Date
- 1851–1900 (second half of the 19th century)
- Historical period
- Industrial Revolution (1850 – 1900)
- Country of origin
- Unrecorded in source
- Place
- París
- Object type
- Clock
- Materials / technique
- Porcelana Pigmento metálico Esmalte Madera Vidrio
- Dimensions
- Altura = 55 cm Anchura = 40 cm Profundidad = 21 cmFigura: Profundidad = 9,30 cm Anchura = 16 cm Altura = 20,30 cmReloj: Altura = 43 cm Anchura = 22 cm Profundidad = 12 cm
- Holding institution
- National Museum of Romanticism
- Accession / object no.
- pages_Main_idt_6872_inventary_CE0368_table_FMUS_museum_MNR
- Credit line
- National Museum of Romanticism
- Catalogue title (original)
- Reloj (Spanish)
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Record summary
Held and catalogued by National Museum of Romanticism (object number pages_Main_idt_6872_inventary_CE0368_table_FMUS_museum_MNR), this is a clock by Barrard, Edouard Japy Freres, made in París, dated 1851–1900 (second half of the 19th century). The Atlas places it in the Industrial Revolution period (1850 – 1900) of its Clocks collection. Materials and techniques recorded by the source: Porcelana Pigmento metálico Esmalte Madera Vidrio. Recorded dimensions: Altura = 55 cm Anchura = 40 cm Profundidad = 21 cmFigura: Profundidad = 9,30 cm Anchura = 16 cm Altura = 20,30 cmReloj: Altura = 43 cm Anchura = 22 cm Profundidad = 12 cm. The record is illustrated with 1 photograph.
Assembled from the source record's structured fields. Dates and attributions are given as the source states them; where a field is missing the Atlas leaves it blank rather than estimating.
Catalogue description
Catalogue description from National Museum of Romanticism
Reloj de sobremesa, de figura, en porcelana bizcochada y esmaltada, con perfiles dorados. Maquinaria del tipo París. Motor a resorte con ocho días de cuerda. Escape de áncora con péndulo compensado de varillas. Suspensión de cuchilla, sonería de horas y medias, por sistema de rueda contadera, sobre campana. Caja prismática rectangular, de lados menores convexos, esmaltada en color rosa, y bordes moldurados, decorados con sendas bandas sogueadas del mismo color. Sobre cuatro pies con forma de rocallas entrelazadas, rematando en adornos vegetales a los lados de la caja. Sobre fondo de ataurique en tonos verdes, esfera de porcelana blanca, con horarias en números romanos pintados en negro. Dos bocallaves bajo el cañón de agujas. Tapa con figura femenina en bulto redondo que representa a una joven orante, reclinada ante un altar sobre el que se dispone un libro abierto y un crucifijo. Con los ojos entreabiertos, inclina la cabeza, cruzando sus manos sobre el pecho. De cabello negro, peinado en bandós, se toca con mantilla blanca que cae por la espalda y se recoge por delante. Viste falda de estampado floral. La maquinaria presenta la marca: FABRIQUE Eard BARRARD & CIE DE PARIS y la mención de honor que obtuvo la firma comercial Japy en la Exposición de Londres: EXPOSITION DE LONDRES / MEDALLE D´OR JAPY / FRERES. La pieza se apoya sobre una peana de madera ebonizada de planta oval y se protege con un fanal de cristal. Pertenece a una tipología de relojes de sobremesa que surge en Francia a finales del siglo XVIII, país donde se producen los más bellos ejemplares debido al auge que alcanza la industria relojera en este momento. A la perfección técnica de la maquinaria parisina se unen la construcción esmerada de la caja y la exquisitez decorativa, fruto de la colaboración de artesanos especializados que interpretaban con el mejor gusto el concepto artístico de cada estilo. La moda exigía que en todo gabinete, despacho, salón o dormitorio, uno o más relojes completasen el mobiliario, contribuyendo así al esplendor y lujo de residencias reales tanto como las pertenecientes a señores o adinerados.
Shown in the original language of the source catalogue. An editor-reviewed English translation has not yet been published; we do not publish machine translations as authoritative text.
Historical context
Industrial Revolution (1850 – 1900)
American interchangeable-parts manufacture; railroad time standards; Swiss and German factory systems.
Factory production transformed the clock into an everyday object. American makers (Seth Thomas, Ansonia, Waterbury) and German factories (Junghans, Gustav Becker, Lenzkirch) sold millions of shelf, wall and alarm clocks worldwide; France produced standardised Paris movements and carriage clocks; electric time distribution began.
Read the period in the timelineMore clocks from this periodEarlier: Precision & Scientific Horology
Atlas type guide
Domestic clocks
A clock combines four systems: a source of power (falling weight, coiled spring, or later electricity), a gear train that divides time, an escapement and oscillator that regulate it (foliot, pendulum or balance), and an indicating system of dial and hands or a bell. Its history runs from the large iron weight-driven clocks of the late thirteenth century to Renaissance spring-driven table clocks, the pendulum revolution of 1656, the factory clocks of the nineteenth century and electric and quartz clocks of the twentieth.
Domestic clocks also reflect regional furniture and decorative traditions — English longcase and bracket clocks, French pendules, Viennese regulators, Black Forest and American shelf clocks — and therefore record changing tastes as much as technical progress.
What to look for
- How the clock is powered: weights, spring barrel, fusee, electric coil.
- The oscillator: foliot, short pendulum, long seconds pendulum or balance.
- Whether it strikes: hour only (count wheel) or hours and quarters (rack striking).
- The maker or retailer's name on dial and movement, and any factory trademarks.
- Signs of alteration — replaced dials, converted escapements, 'married' cases.
Dating clues
- Before 1656 clocks used foliots or balances; after, most domestic clocks have pendulums.
- Anchor escapements spread after c. 1670; minute hands became common at the same time.
- Factory production in America and Germany transformed prices after c. 1840.
General guidance written by the Atlas editors about this kind of object. It is not a statement about this particular piece; for that, rely on the source record above and on physical examination.
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