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Clocks · Calendar clock

Calendar Clock - Winterhalder & Hofmeier, Germany, 1930s

DocumentedDocumented from the holding institution's catalogue record.
Maker / attribution
Winterhalder & Hofmeier (Maker)
Date
1930s
Country of origin
Germany
Place
Schwarzenbach, Germany
Object type
Calendar clock
Dimensions
7 cm (Width), 15 cm (Outside Diameter)
Holding institution
Museums Victoria, Melbourne
Accession / object no.
ST 23632
Catalogue title (original)
Calendar Clock - Winterhalder & Hofmeier, Germany, 1930s (English)

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Record summary

Held and catalogued by Museums Victoria, Melbourne (object number ST 23632), this is a calendar clock by Winterhalder & Hofmeier, made in Schwarzenbach, Germany, dated 1930s. The Atlas places it in the Golden Age of Mechanical Watchmaking period (1900 – 1945) of its Clocks collection. Recorded dimensions: 7 cm (Width), 15 cm (Outside Diameter). The record is illustrated with 1 photograph.

Assembled from the source record's structured fields. Dates and attributions are given as the source states them; where a field is missing the Atlas leaves it blank rather than estimating.

Catalogue description

Summary — Museums Victoria

Calendar clock, Winterhalder & Hofmeier, Schwarzenbach, Germany. Round dial in chrome case with octagonal mounting. Rotating cylinder shows month, outer ring shows day of week, and hand points to arabic number showing date. Note that clock does not show time of day.

Inscriptions & marks

Dial is marked 'Day Dial Calendar'. Backplate is marked '2800', 'Patent Pld For' and 'W & H SCH'. ['SCH' is an abbreviation for Schwarzenbach.]

Provenance

Donation from Joseph Lowy, Jul 1953

Historical context

Golden Age of Mechanical Watchmaking (1900 – 1945)

The wristwatch displaces the pocket watch; waterproof cases, self-winding and grand complications.

Between 1900 and 1945 clocks were electrified: master-clock systems ran factories and offices, synchronous mains clocks entered homes, and the Shortt free-pendulum clock set new standards of accuracy before the first quartz clocks (1927). Art Deco design reshaped mantel and table clocks.

Read the period in the timelineMore clocks from this periodEarlier: Industrial Revolution

Atlas type guide

Domestic clocks

A clock combines four systems: a source of power (falling weight, coiled spring, or later electricity), a gear train that divides time, an escapement and oscillator that regulate it (foliot, pendulum or balance), and an indicating system of dial and hands or a bell. Its history runs from the large iron weight-driven clocks of the late thirteenth century to Renaissance spring-driven table clocks, the pendulum revolution of 1656, the factory clocks of the nineteenth century and electric and quartz clocks of the twentieth.

Domestic clocks also reflect regional furniture and decorative traditions — English longcase and bracket clocks, French pendules, Viennese regulators, Black Forest and American shelf clocks — and therefore record changing tastes as much as technical progress.

What to look for

  • How the clock is powered: weights, spring barrel, fusee, electric coil.
  • The oscillator: foliot, short pendulum, long seconds pendulum or balance.
  • Whether it strikes: hour only (count wheel) or hours and quarters (rack striking).
  • The maker or retailer's name on dial and movement, and any factory trademarks.
  • Signs of alteration — replaced dials, converted escapements, 'married' cases.

Dating clues

  • Before 1656 clocks used foliots or balances; after, most domestic clocks have pendulums.
  • Anchor escapements spread after c. 1670; minute hands became common at the same time.
  • Factory production in America and Germany transformed prices after c. 1840.

General guidance written by the Atlas editors about this kind of object. It is not a statement about this particular piece; for that, rely on the source record above and on physical examination.

Read next:Verge escapementAnchor (recoil) escapementFoliot

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