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Watch by Henry Béraud, France, 1585–1600 — view 1 of 5
View 1 of 5 · Image: © 1997 GrandPalaisRmn (musée du Louvre) / Daniel Arnaudet · original image source (opens another website in a new tab)

Pocket Watches · Watch

Watch by Henry Béraud, France, 1585–1600

DocumentedDocumented from the holding institution's catalogue record.
Maker / attribution
Henry Béraud (Horloger)
Date
1585–1600
Country of origin
France
Place
Sedan
Object type
Watch
Materials / technique
rock crystal, gold, brass
Dimensions
height 4,2 cm; width 2,5 cm; thickness 1,1 cm
Holding institution
Musée du Louvre, Paris
Accession / object no.
OA 7050
Credit line
Musée du Louvre, Département des Objets d'art du Moyen Age, de la Renaissance et des temps modernes
Catalogue title (original)
Montre en forme de coquille (French)

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Record summary

Held and catalogued by Musée du Louvre, Paris (object number OA 7050), this is a watch by Henry Béraud, made in Sedan, France, dated 1585–1600. The Atlas places it in the Renaissance Horology period (1400 – 1600) of its Pocket Watches collection. Materials and techniques recorded by the source: rock crystal, gold, brass. Recorded dimensions: height 4,2 cm; width 2,5 cm; thickness 1,1 cm. The record is illustrated with 5 photographs.

Assembled from the source record's structured fields. Dates and attributions are given as the source states them; where a field is missing the Atlas leaves it blank rather than estimating.

Catalogue description

Catalogue description — Musée du Louvre (French)

Montre dont le boîtier est en cristal de roche taillé en forme de coquille ovale. Armatures et plaquettes portant le pendant et le bouton inférieur couvertes d'émail translucide vert et orangé. Plaque du cadran, fixée par une charnière, au décor fleuri composé d'émaux champlevés translucides polychromes sur fond blanc. Cercle horaire gravé de chiffres romains. Echappement à verge, fusée avec chaînette. Sur la platine se détachent un cliquet sans décor, un coq gravé et repercé de rinceaux fleuris.

Shown in the original language of the source catalogue. An editor-reviewed English translation has not yet been published; we do not publish machine translations as authoritative text.

Dating and period as catalogued (French)

Epoque / période : Henri IV (1589-1610) (Occident->Renaissance->dynastie des Bourbons) · · Date de création/fabrication : 1585 - 1600

Shown in the original language of the source catalogue. An editor-reviewed English translation has not yet been published; we do not publish machine translations as authoritative text.

Materials and techniques as catalogued (French)

Matériau : cristal de roche · Matériau : or · Matériau : laiton · Technique : émaillé = émaillage = émail = émaux (techniques métal)

Shown in the original language of the source catalogue. An editor-reviewed English translation has not yet been published; we do not publish machine translations as authoritative text.

Inscriptions & marks

Signature : ; mouvement signé : Henry Béraud

Provenance

collection Paul Garnier (1834-1916), à Paris. Don Paul Garnier, en 1916.

Historical context

Renaissance Horology (1400 – 1600)

Spring power makes clocks portable; Nuremberg and Augsburg produce the first watches; the Prague Orloj is built.

The first portable spring-driven timepieces were made in southern Germany, France and Italy. They had iron or brass verge movements with a foliot or small balance and a stackfreed or fusee, indicated hours only, and were worn as pendants — luxury objects more than precise instruments.

Read the period in the timelineMore pocket watches from this periodEarlier: Medieval Period

Atlas type guide

Early spring-driven watches

Portable spring-driven timepieces appeared in southern Germany, France and Italy in the early sixteenth century; Peter Henlein of Nuremberg is traditionally credited, although the historical record is complex. These early watches were worn as pendants or carried, had iron or brass movements with a verge escapement and a foliot or small balance, and used a stackfreed or fusee to equalise spring force. They indicated hours only and were notoriously inaccurate.

From the later sixteenth century watches were made in Blois, Paris, Geneva, London and Augsburg in oval, octagonal, cruciform, skull and other 'form' cases of rock crystal, gilt brass, silver and enamel. They were jewellery and status objects as much as timekeepers.

What to look for

  • A single hour hand and often a touch-pin hour ring for feeling the time.
  • Stackfreed (a cam and spring) instead of a fusee on German watches.
  • Pierced and engraved cocks over the balance, fine gut fusee lines.
  • Rock-crystal, enamelled or engraved form cases.

Dating clues

  • Drum-shaped German watches: c. 1530–1580.
  • Oval and form watches: c. 1580–1650.
  • Before c. 1675 there is no balance spring; watches can vary by many minutes a day.

General guidance written by the Atlas editors about this kind of object. It is not a statement about this particular piece; for that, rely on the source record above and on physical examination.

Read next:FoliotThe Melanchthon watch

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