
Clocks · Clock
Clock, with Aurora and children, designed by Carrier-Belleuse, before 1867
- Maker / attribution
- Albert Carrier-Belleuse (Designed)
- Date
- 1860s
- Historical period
- Industrial Revolution (1850 – 1900)
- Country of origin
- France
- Place
- Paris
- Object type
- Clock
- Materials / technique
- Made of "imitation bronze", with a black-enamel chapeter-ring. An applied pierced and engraved silver piece surrounds the centre dial. The movement is made of brass.
- Dimensions
- height: 30 in (whole)
- Holding institution
- Victoria and Albert Museum, London
- Accession / object no.
- 764-1869
- Catalogue title (original)
- Aurora
Record summary
Held and catalogued by Victoria and Albert Museum, London (object number 764-1869), this is a clock by Albert Carrier-Belleuse, made in Paris, France, dated 1860s. The Atlas places it in the Industrial Revolution period (1850 – 1900) of its Clocks collection. Materials and techniques recorded by the source: Made of "imitation bronze", with a black-enamel chapeter-ring. An applied pierced and engraved silver piece surrounds the centre dial. The movement is made of brass. Recorded dimensions: height: 30 in (whole). The record is illustrated with 1 photograph.
Assembled from the source record's structured fields. Dates and attributions are given as the source states them; where a field is missing the Atlas leaves it blank rather than estimating.
Catalogue description
V&A — Summary
According to the Art Inventory of objects acquired by the V&A in 1867, this clock, made of "imitation bronze", was designed by "A.Carrier" (Albert Carrier-Belleuse) and bought by the V&A from the Paris Exhibiton of 1867 "as an example of cheapness of manufacture".
V&A — Physical description
Clock, comprising female figure representing Aurora, seated on a clock with two putti, one held by her on her right shoulder, the other clinging to her drapery, above a clock mounted in black marble. To her left two additional standing putti support a globe with a clock dial hidden from view. Aurora's heavy eyelids indicate that she is waking from sleep to raise the dawn by leading the sun god Helios into the heavens. Dial: 12.4 cm diameter with recessed centre. The black-enamel chapter-ring 1.6 cm broad with an outer minute ring, with gilt strokes, every fifth stroke is bolder. The inner set has narrow Roman numerals for the hours. The recess 8.9 cm diameter, its rear plate of gilt brass engraved with leafy sprays and scrolls and signed in a rectangular horizontal cartouche with the legend 'EXPOSITION UNIVERSELLE BOY FT A PARIS' with the date '1867' below the cartouche. The winding holes are surrounded by raised gilt-brass rings, inside numerals IIII and VIII. The gilt hands are of the Breguet type. Surrounding the centre dial is an applied pierced and engraved silver piece, the upper part carries the balance-cock. Movement: Brass movement plates 7.6 cm diameter separated by plain pillars. The backplate is twice stamped 'Y.M.THOMAS BTE S.G.D.G.' in an oval with the punched number 323 and 11. Also stamped in a small sunk well 'JAPY FRERES & CIE', also a crown and a fine-angled star each ray of which ends in a double point, as in a Maltese cross. Movement powered by two going barrels. Going train with cylinder escapement, small steel escape wheel, brass balance-wheel, steel balance-spring, regulator arm mounted above the clock, with index moving over a scale R to A and cub pins projecting backwards; the whole assembly mounted in the recessed portion of the dial. A small plain clock from the dial edge serves the escape wheel arbor. Striking train of locking-plate type, the outside count-wheel permitting also a single stroke at the half-hours. Bell mounted outside the back plate.
V&A — Object history
Bought at the Paris International Exhibition, 1867, for £12-0s-0d as an example of cheapness of manufacture. Designed by M.A.Carrier later known as Carrier-Belleuse
Inscriptions & marks
EXPOSITION UNIVERSELLE BOY FT A PARIS 1867; JAPY FRERES & CIE; Y.M.THOMAS BTE S.G.D.G. 323 11
Historical context
Industrial Revolution (1850 – 1900)
American interchangeable-parts manufacture; railroad time standards; Swiss and German factory systems.
Factory production transformed the clock into an everyday object. American makers (Seth Thomas, Ansonia, Waterbury) and German factories (Junghans, Gustav Becker, Lenzkirch) sold millions of shelf, wall and alarm clocks worldwide; France produced standardised Paris movements and carriage clocks; electric time distribution began.
Read the period in the timelineMore clocks from this periodEarlier: Precision & Scientific Horology
Atlas type guide
Domestic clocks
A clock combines four systems: a source of power (falling weight, coiled spring, or later electricity), a gear train that divides time, an escapement and oscillator that regulate it (foliot, pendulum or balance), and an indicating system of dial and hands or a bell. Its history runs from the large iron weight-driven clocks of the late thirteenth century to Renaissance spring-driven table clocks, the pendulum revolution of 1656, the factory clocks of the nineteenth century and electric and quartz clocks of the twentieth.
Domestic clocks also reflect regional furniture and decorative traditions — English longcase and bracket clocks, French pendules, Viennese regulators, Black Forest and American shelf clocks — and therefore record changing tastes as much as technical progress.
What to look for
- How the clock is powered: weights, spring barrel, fusee, electric coil.
- The oscillator: foliot, short pendulum, long seconds pendulum or balance.
- Whether it strikes: hour only (count wheel) or hours and quarters (rack striking).
- The maker or retailer's name on dial and movement, and any factory trademarks.
- Signs of alteration — replaced dials, converted escapements, 'married' cases.
Dating clues
- Before 1656 clocks used foliots or balances; after, most domestic clocks have pendulums.
- Anchor escapements spread after c. 1670; minute hands became common at the same time.
- Factory production in America and Germany transformed prices after c. 1840.
General guidance written by the Atlas editors about this kind of object. It is not a statement about this particular piece; for that, rely on the source record above and on physical examination.
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