
Clocks · Alarm tabernacle clock
A striking alarm clock in a square gilt-brass case surmounted by a silver figure representing Prudence, German, about 1580.
- Maker / attribution
- Unrecorded in source
- Date
- 1575-1600
- Historical period
- Renaissance Horology (1400 – 1600)
- Country of origin
- Germany
- Place
- Germany
- Object type
- Alarm tabernacle clock
- Materials / technique
- Brass, gilded-brass, silver
- Dimensions
- Height: 18.1 cm; diameter: 7 cm
- Holding institution
- Victoria and Albert Museum, London
- Accession / object no.
- M.219-1919
- Credit line
- Bequeathed by J.G.Joicey
Record summary
Held and catalogued by Victoria and Albert Museum, London (object number M.219-1919), this is an alarm tabernacle clock, made in Germany, dated 1575-1600. The Atlas places it in the Renaissance Horology period (1400 – 1600) of its Clocks collection. Materials and techniques recorded by the source: Brass, gilded-brass, silver. Recorded dimensions: Height: 18.1 cm; diameter: 7 cm. The record is illustrated with 3 photographs.
Assembled from the source record's structured fields. Dates and attributions are given as the source states them; where a field is missing the Atlas leaves it blank rather than estimating.
Catalogue description
V&A — Summary
A striking alarm clock in a gilt-brass circular case supported on a baluster stem with spreading foot decorated with masks, fruit and strapwork. The clock is surmounted by a silver figure of Prudence. The back of the clock case is pierced with a symmetrical design of floral scrolls issuing from a vase. The case is surrounded by a silver ring pierced with foliage. The movement (incomplete) has a verge escapement and stackfreed. The initials S.A.H.A. indicate former owners.
V&A — Physical description
CASE: The clock movement enclosed in a lens-shaped vertical case, the gilt-brass front and rear portions separated by a silver ring pierced with foliage. The case is supported on a gilt-brass chased pillar of baluster shape resting on a splayed foot repousse with masks, fruit and foliage. Applied silver leaves and florets below and above the case, the latter surmounted by a silver figure of Prudence with right hand upraised. The brass rear cover of the case pierced and chased with a symmetrical design of floral scrolls issuing from a vase. Hinged dial cover, glazed and with an engraved gilt-brass bezel. DIAL AND MOVEMENT: Dial with silver chapter-ring (4.5cm, 1.0cm broad). Roman hours, stars at the half-hours. Central brass disc numbered 1-12 in Arabic. Pierced double-ended steel hand. Movement punched on rear plate “.SA.HA”. Going train at front with stackfreed, the great wheel of iron, the remaining wheels of brass; verge escapement. 3-armed brass balance-wheel, now with balance-spring but without regulator. Striking train with engraved resting-barrel, and count-wheel in the form of a sliding ring, cut and numbered for a sequence 1 to 12. The whole movement hinges into the bell.
V&A — Historical context
J.G.Joicey's bequest in 1919 consisted of over one hundred watches, gold boxes and weapons but this is one of only two clock from his collection in the V&A
V&A — Object history
The clock was one of two beqeathed by J.G.Joicey in 1919 with over thirty watches. Little is known of John George Joicey’s life. He was born in 1863, the youngest son of James Joicey, of Tanfield, Durham, and spent much of his time abroad. When he was in London, he stayed at the Junior Carlton Club, Pall Mall. In 1907 Joicey contacted the Director about depositing on loan a portion of his collection of ceramics, which it was also his intention to bequeath to the Museum. The items were duly exhibited in the Loan Court in 1909. Joicey’s collection comprised Sevres porcelain, English and rare foreign china, gold enamel watches and snuffboxes, inlaid guns and furniture. Joicey died on 8 July 1919, aged 56. The objects already on deposit at the Victoria and Albert Museum, the London Museum, and the Laing Art Gallery became their absolute property; among the residue of object stored at the Chancery Lane Safe Deposit, the Museum was entitled to 'all those of foreign origin'.
Inscriptions & marks
SA HA
Historical context
Renaissance Horology (1400 – 1600)
Spring power makes clocks portable; Nuremberg and Augsburg produce the first watches; the Prague Orloj is built.
Spring power made the domestic clock portable. Augsburg and Nuremberg produced gilt-brass table clocks, often with astronomical dials and alarms; weight-driven Gothic wall clocks and English lantern clocks served households. Clocks of this period have foliot or balance-wheel control and usually only an hour hand.
Read the period in the timelineMore clocks from this periodEarlier: Medieval Period
Atlas type guide
Bracket, table and spring-driven clocks
Spring-driven clocks freed timekeeping from the hanging weight. The coiled mainspring, documented from the fifteenth century, made portable table clocks possible; to even out its declining force, makers used the fusee, a conical pulley connected to the barrel by a gut line or chain. Renaissance table clocks from Augsburg and Nuremberg — drum-shaped, square or tower-shaped in gilt brass — were luxury scientific objects, often with astronomical dials and alarms.
After the pendulum, English makers developed the bracket clock: a wooden case with a carrying handle, a short pendulum with a verge escapement, and often repeating work to sound the hours on demand at night. Later examples use the anchor escapement. In the nineteenth century, 'table clock' became a broad term for spring clocks of every nationality.
What to look for
- A fusee in the movement (cone-shaped pulley) and the type of line — gut or chain.
- Verge escapement with a short bob pendulum, often with a decoratively engraved backplate.
- Repeat cords or buttons that make the clock strike again on demand.
- Gilt-brass engraved cases and horizontal dials on Renaissance pieces.
- Case shapes: inverted bell, bell top, break-arch, lancet or balloon.
Dating clues
- Drum and tower table clocks: c. 1520–1650.
- Ebony veneered English bracket clocks with verge escapements: c. 1670–1800.
- Engraved backplates were usual on English clocks until c. 1800, then generally plain.
General guidance written by the Atlas editors about this kind of object. It is not a statement about this particular piece; for that, rely on the source record above and on physical examination.
Read next:FuseeAnchor (recoil) escapement
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