Clocks · Clock
Longcase clock commemorating the Peterloo Massacre of 1819, made by W. Stancliffe, Barkisland.
- Maker / attribution
- Stancliffe, W. (maker)
- Date
- 1845-1855
- Historical period
- Industrial Revolution (1850 – 1900)
- Country of origin
- England
- Place
- Barkisland, Yorkshire, England
- Object type
- Clock
- Dimensions
- Overall: 2200 mm x 540 mm x 240 mm,
- Holding institution
- Science Museum Group, London
- Accession / object no.
- Y1988.60
- Credit line
- Purchased From Regent House Antiques
- Catalogue title (original)
- Peterloo Massacre Commemorative Clock
Record summary
Held and catalogued by Science Museum Group, London (object number Y1988.60), this is a clock by Stancliffe, W., made in Barkisland, Yorkshire, England, dated 1845-1855. The Atlas places it in the Industrial Revolution period (1850 – 1900) of its Clocks collection. Recorded dimensions: Overall: 2200 mm x 540 mm x 240 mm. The record is illustrated with 2 photographs.
Assembled from the source record's structured fields. Dates and attributions are given as the source states them; where a field is missing the Atlas leaves it blank rather than estimating.
Catalogue description
Science Museum Group description
This longcase clock commemorates the Peterloo Massacre of 1819. The scene in the arch is based on an engraving of the event which was published in the Manchester Observer on 23 October 1819. The corners of the face contain portraits of four famous radical activists; Major John Cartwright, William Cobbett, Thomas Wooler and Henry Hunt. The clock was made by W. Stancliffe of Barkisland, near Halifax. The Stancliffe family were clockmakers there from the mid-1700s.
Historical context
Industrial Revolution (1850 – 1900)
American interchangeable-parts manufacture; railroad time standards; Swiss and German factory systems.
Factory production transformed the clock into an everyday object. American makers (Seth Thomas, Ansonia, Waterbury) and German factories (Junghans, Gustav Becker, Lenzkirch) sold millions of shelf, wall and alarm clocks worldwide; France produced standardised Paris movements and carriage clocks; electric time distribution began.
Read the period in the timelineMore clocks from this periodEarlier: Precision & Scientific Horology
Atlas type guide
Longcase (tall-case or grandfather) clocks
The longcase clock was born from two seventeenth-century innovations: Christiaan Huygens's pendulum (1656–57) and the anchor escapement (c. 1670). A long seconds pendulum, nearly a metre long, swings with a small arc, and enclosing it together with the driving weights in a tall wooden case protected the mechanism and created a new piece of furniture. London makers such as Ahasuerus Fromanteel, Thomas Tompion and Joseph Knibb set the pattern.
By the eighteenth century longcase clocks were made throughout Britain, the Netherlands, Scandinavia (the Swedish Mora clock), France (the Comtoise from the Franche-Comté), Germany and colonial America. Eight-day movements with two weights became standard in better clocks; thirty-hour clocks with one weight and a rope or chain were cheaper alternatives.
What to look for
- Winding holes in the dial: two (eight-day, going and striking) or none (thirty-hour, pulled up by a chain).
- Brass dials with applied chapter rings (earlier) versus painted iron 'white' dials (after c. 1770 in Britain).
- Moon-phase arches, date apertures, seconds dials and maker's name on the dial.
- Case woods and style: ebonised, walnut marquetry, lacquer, oak or mahogany; regional styles from London, Lancashire, Scotland or America.
- Whether the movement and dial match the case — 'marriages' are common.
Dating clues
- Square brass dials suggest c. 1670–1720; arched brass dials c. 1715–1790.
- Painted (white) dials were made by Birmingham dial-makers from about 1772.
- Comtoise clocks with repoussé pendulums are mostly nineteenth century.
General guidance written by the Atlas editors about this kind of object. It is not a statement about this particular piece; for that, rely on the source record above and on physical examination.
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