
Pocket Watches · Hunter pocket watch
Hunter pocket watch by James William Benson, England, 1886
- Maker / attribution
- James William Benson (maker)
- Date
- 1886
- Historical period
- Industrial Revolution (1850 – 1900)
- Country of origin
- England
- Place
- London
- Object type
- Hunter pocket watch
- Materials / technique
- gold
- Dimensions
- diameter 53 mm; thickness 15.5 mm
- Holding institution
- Museo Galileo, Florence
- Accession / object no.
- Inv. 3862
- Credit line
- Museo Galileo, Florence
- Catalogue title (original)
- Hunter pocket watch (English)
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Record summary
Held and catalogued by Museo Galileo, Florence (object number Inv. 3862), this is a hunter pocket watch by James William Benson, made in London, England, dated 1886. The Atlas places it in the Industrial Revolution period (1850 – 1900) of its Pocket Watches collection. Materials and techniques recorded by the source: gold. Recorded dimensions: diameter 53 mm; thickness 15.5 mm. The record is illustrated with 1 photograph.
Assembled from the source record's structured fields. Dates and attributions are given as the source states them; where a field is missing the Atlas leaves it blank rather than estimating.
Catalogue description
Catalogue description — Museo Galileo
Watch with a smooth case. The dial, finely engraved and signed by James William Benson, carries the small seconds dial. The two large superposed hands for the chronograph are attached at the center. They are independent, each with its own start, stop, and reset button. This allows separate and simultaneous timing of two different events. There is a movement of the three-quarter-plate type and a English-lever escapement.
Historical context
Industrial Revolution (1850 – 1900)
American interchangeable-parts manufacture; railroad time standards; Swiss and German factory systems.
Machine production with interchangeable parts, pioneered by Waltham (1850s) and adopted by Elgin, Longines, Omega and others, made reliable lever watches widely affordable. Keyless winding became standard, railroad watch standards were introduced (1890s), and Swiss and American industries competed globally.
Read the period in the timelineMore pocket watches from this periodEarlier: Precision & Scientific Horology
Atlas type guide
Hunter, half-hunter and open-face watches
In the nineteenth century the pocket watch case settled into a few standard forms. The hunter (French savonnette) has a hinged front lid protecting the crystal — reputedly for riders who could not risk broken glass — and is opened by pressing the crown or a push-piece. The half-hunter has a small window in the lid so the hands can be read when closed. The open-face (lépine) watch has no front cover, with the crown at 12; hunters normally carry the crown at 3.
Case types also changed with winding: key-wound watches gave way to keyless (stem-wound) mechanisms after Adrien Philippe's and others' designs of the 1840s, with pendant setting or lever setting.
What to look for
- Crown position relative to the seconds dial: at 3 for hunters, at 12 for open-face watches.
- Spring-loaded front cover with a push-piece in the pendant.
- Half-hunter chapter ring enamelled on the lid.
- Key holes in the inner dome (cuvette) versus keyless winding.
Dating clues
- Keyless winding spread after c. 1850 and became standard by c. 1890.
- English hallmarks inside gold and silver cases give the year of assay.
General guidance written by the Atlas editors about this kind of object. It is not a statement about this particular piece; for that, rely on the source record above and on physical examination.
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