Clocks · Clock
Clock by Case and enamel design by the Firm of Lucien Falize, France, 1881
- Maker / attribution
- Case and enamel design by the Firm of Lucien Falize (Designer); in partnership with Germain Bapst (Designer); Firm of Le Roy et Fils (Maker); Sculpture by Léon Chédeville (Artist)
- Date
- 1881
- Historical period
- Industrial Revolution (1850 – 1900)
- Country of origin
- France
- Object type
- Clock
- Materials / technique
- Case: silver, partly enameled gold, hardstones, rock crystal, amethysts, and diamonds; movement: brass and steel
- Dimensions
- Overall: 18 1/2 × 7 × 7 in. (47 × 17.8 × 17.8 cm)
- Holding institution
- The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
- Accession / object no.
- 1991.113a–f
- Credit line
- Purchase, Mrs. Charles Wrightsman Gift, 1991
- Catalogue title (original)
- Table clock with calendar
Record summary
Held and catalogued by The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York (object number 1991.113a–f), this is a clock by Case and enamel design by the Firm of Lucien Falize, made in France, dated 1881. The Atlas places it in the Industrial Revolution period (1850 – 1900) of its Clocks collection. Materials and techniques recorded by the source: Case: silver, partly enameled gold, hardstones, rock crystal, amethysts, and diamonds; movement: brass and steel. Recorded dimensions: Overall: 18 1/2 × 7 × 7 in. (47 × 17.8 × 17.8 cm). The record is illustrated with 4 photographs.
Assembled from the source record's structured fields. Dates and attributions are given as the source states them; where a field is missing the Atlas leaves it blank rather than estimating.
Catalogue description
The source record does not include a narrative description. The structured fields above are reproduced from it.
Historical context
Industrial Revolution (1850 – 1900)
American interchangeable-parts manufacture; railroad time standards; Swiss and German factory systems.
Factory production transformed the clock into an everyday object. American makers (Seth Thomas, Ansonia, Waterbury) and German factories (Junghans, Gustav Becker, Lenzkirch) sold millions of shelf, wall and alarm clocks worldwide; France produced standardised Paris movements and carriage clocks; electric time distribution began.
Read the period in the timelineMore clocks from this periodEarlier: Precision & Scientific Horology
Atlas type guide
Bracket, table and spring-driven clocks
Spring-driven clocks freed timekeeping from the hanging weight. The coiled mainspring, documented from the fifteenth century, made portable table clocks possible; to even out its declining force, makers used the fusee, a conical pulley connected to the barrel by a gut line or chain. Renaissance table clocks from Augsburg and Nuremberg — drum-shaped, square or tower-shaped in gilt brass — were luxury scientific objects, often with astronomical dials and alarms.
After the pendulum, English makers developed the bracket clock: a wooden case with a carrying handle, a short pendulum with a verge escapement, and often repeating work to sound the hours on demand at night. Later examples use the anchor escapement. In the nineteenth century, 'table clock' became a broad term for spring clocks of every nationality.
What to look for
- A fusee in the movement (cone-shaped pulley) and the type of line — gut or chain.
- Verge escapement with a short bob pendulum, often with a decoratively engraved backplate.
- Repeat cords or buttons that make the clock strike again on demand.
- Gilt-brass engraved cases and horizontal dials on Renaissance pieces.
- Case shapes: inverted bell, bell top, break-arch, lancet or balloon.
Dating clues
- Drum and tower table clocks: c. 1520–1650.
- Ebony veneered English bracket clocks with verge escapements: c. 1670–1800.
- Engraved backplates were usual on English clocks until c. 1800, then generally plain.
General guidance written by the Atlas editors about this kind of object. It is not a statement about this particular piece; for that, rely on the source record above and on physical examination.
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