
Movements & Components · Clock
Clock movement by Smith, William, England, 1750
- Maker / attribution
- Smith, William (maker); William Smith (maker)
- Date
- 1750
- Historical period
- Precision & Scientific Horology (1750 – 1850)
- Country of origin
- England
- Place
- Moorfields, Shoreditch, Hackney, London, Greater London, England, United Kingdom, Moorfields
- Object type
- Clock
- Holding institution
- Science Museum Group, London
- Accession / object no.
- L2016-2301
- Credit line
- Lent by the Worshipful Company of Clockmakers
- Catalogue title (original)
- Turret clock movement by William Smith
Record summary
Held and catalogued by Science Museum Group, London (object number L2016-2301), this is a clock by Smith, William, made in Moorfields, Shoreditch, Hackney, London, Greater London, England, United Kingdom, Moorfields, dated 1750. The Atlas places it in the Precision & Scientific Horology period (1750 – 1850) of its Movements & Components collection. The record is illustrated with 4 photographs.
Assembled from the source record's structured fields. Dates and attributions are given as the source states them; where a field is missing the Atlas leaves it blank rather than estimating.
Catalogue description
Science Museum Group description
Smith worked in Moorfields between c.1748 until his death in 1768. When John Harrison (of 'Longitude' fame) designed a type of anchor escapement for a turret clock at Trinity College Cambridge in 1755, Smith was instructed to make and fit it to the clock. Smith later developed his own design of turret clock, to which he often fitted Harrison's anchor escapement Clockmakers' Museum No. 1377
Historical context
Precision & Scientific Horology (1750 – 1850)
Harrison solves longitude; Mudge invents the lever; Breguet's Paris workshop defines the modern watch.
The age of escapement invention: cylinder, duplex, lever, detent and many experimental escapements; compensation balances and fine finishing.
Read the period in the timelineMore movements & components from this periodEarlier: Early Modern Horology
Atlas type guide
Clock and watch movements
The movement is the mechanism of a clock or watch, without its case and dial. It consists of the power source (weight or mainspring in its barrel, sometimes with a fusee), the going train of wheels and pinions, the escapement and oscillator, the motion work that drives the hands, and in many cases additional trains for striking or complications.
From the eighteenth century watch movements were increasingly produced in stages: Swiss and French ébauche makers supplied rough movements that finishers, repasseurs and retailers completed and signed. Calibre numbers — first used systematically by American and Swiss factories in the nineteenth century — make it possible to identify movements, find spare parts and date watches.
What to look for
- Plate and bridge layout: full plate, three-quarter plate, Lépine bar calibre, bridges and cocks.
- Jewel count and whether jewels are set in chatons or rubbed in.
- Signatures, calibre and serial numbers on the plate or under the dial.
- Finishing: Geneva stripes (Côtes de Genève), perlage, bevelled edges, blued screws.
- Fusee and chain, going barrel, or electrical components.
Dating clues
- Full-plate English movements dominate before c. 1850; three-quarter plate and Lépine calibres after.
- Jewelled movements spread after Facio and Debaufre's patent of 1704, mainly in English work until c. 1800.
- Calibre numbers and factory serials allow close dating for industrial production after c. 1850.
General guidance written by the Atlas editors about this kind of object. It is not a statement about this particular piece; for that, rely on the source record above and on physical examination.
Related records
Movements & Components · 1740-70
Plaster cast of a watch case, made in England in 1740-70
Victoria and Albert Museum, London
Movements & Components · 1750-1775
Watch movement by Amyot, Peter, England, 1750-1775
Science Museum Group, London
Movements & Components · late 18th century
Watch, Bilston enamel, England, late 18th century
Victoria and Albert Museum, London
Movements & Components · late 18th century
Watch, cast brass and Bilston enamel, England, late 18th century (V&A 1664-1871)
Victoria and Albert Museum, London
Movements & Components · late 18th century
Watch, cast brass and Bilston enamel, England, late 18th century (V&A 1665-1871)
Victoria and Albert Museum, London
Movements & Components · 1770-1780
Brass, pierced and engraved, English (London), 1770-1780
Victoria and Albert Museum, London
Movements & Components · 1775
Cylinder escapement, by J. Davis, about 1775, England
Science Museum Group, London
Movements & Components · 1780
Small English horizontal escapement, by Recordon, about 1780
Science Museum Group, London