
Instruments · Chronograph - timer
Bashforth's Chronograph with screens, frame and weights, invented c. 1865.
- Maker / attribution
- Bashforth, Rev. Francis (maker); Francis Bashforth (maker)
- Date
- 1865-1875
- Historical period
- Industrial Revolution (1850 – 1900)
- Country of origin
- England
- Place
- Horncastle, Lincolnshire, England, United Kingdom, Horncastle
- Object type
- Chronograph - timer
- Holding institution
- Science Museum Group, London
- Accession / object no.
- 1876-377
- Credit line
- The Reverend F. Bashforth.
- Catalogue title (original)
- Bashforth's Chronograph with screens
Record summary
Held and catalogued by Science Museum Group, London (object number 1876-377), this is a chronograph - timer by Bashforth, Rev. Francis, made in Horncastle, Lincolnshire, England, United Kingdom, Horncastle, dated 1865-1875. The Atlas places it in the Industrial Revolution period (1850 – 1900) of its Instruments collection. The record is illustrated with 1 photograph.
Assembled from the source record's structured fields. Dates and attributions are given as the source states them; where a field is missing the Atlas leaves it blank rather than estimating.
Catalogue description
Science Museum Group description
Bashforth's chronograph was exhibited at the Special Loan Collection of Scientific Apparatus at the South Kensington Museum in 1876.
Historical context
Industrial Revolution (1850 – 1900)
American interchangeable-parts manufacture; railroad time standards; Swiss and German factory systems.
Instruments spread into industry, science and sport: stopwatches, chronoscopes, metronomes, watchmen's clocks and time recorders.
Read the period in the timelineMore instruments from this periodEarlier: Precision & Scientific Horology
Atlas type guide
Timers, stopwatches, chronoscopes and time recorders
Instruments for measuring short intervals or recording when something happened form a large and practical branch of horology. Sports stopwatches and split-seconds timers, laboratory chronoscopes (such as Hipp's, which measured thousandths of a second for psychology and ballistics experiments), metronomes for music, watchmen's clocks that recorded patrol rounds, and the time recorders that clocked factory workers in and out all derive from clock and watch technology.
These objects matter historically because they show timekeeping leaving the observatory and the drawing room and entering industry, science and sport. Many were mass-produced, and their dials, scales and patents chart the rise of electrification and industrial management.
What to look for
- Scales graduated in fifths, tenths or hundredths of a second, or decimal minutes for industrial use.
- Start, stop and reset push-pieces; a second hand that can be stopped independently (split seconds).
- Recording devices: paper discs or tapes, printing mechanisms, keys or punches.
- Patent numbers and dates on the dial or case, which give a terminus post quem.
Dating clues
- Hipp chronoscopes were made from the 1840s into the twentieth century.
- Employee time recorders spread from the 1890s (Bundy, IBM, International Time Recording Co.).
- Quartz and electronic timers replaced mechanical stopwatches in sport from the 1970s.
General guidance written by the Atlas editors about this kind of object. It is not a statement about this particular piece; for that, rely on the source record above and on physical examination.
Read next:Flyback chronograph
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